Astronomers

A

Ammonius Hermiae

435 – 517 · Byzantine Empire

5th-century Greek philosopher

astronomer philosopher

A

Anaxagoras

499 – 427

5th-century BC Greek philosopher

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

A

Apollonius of Perga

261 – 189

ancient Greek geometer and astronomer noted for his writings on conic sections

astronomer mathematician

A

Aratus

314 – 239

Greek didactic poet (c. 315/310–240 BC)

astronomer

A

Archimedes

286 – 211 · Syracuse

Greek mathematician and physicist (c. 287 – c. 212 BC)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

A

Aristarchus of Samos

309 – 229 · Samos

Greek astronomer and mathematician (c.310–c.230 BC)

astronomer

A

Aryabhata

476 – 550

Pioneer astronomer who formulated zero, quadratic rules, and earth's rotation.

astronomer mathematician

A

Autolycus of Pitane

359 – 289

ancient Greek mathematician

astronomer mathematician

B

Berossus

400 – 300 · Achaemenid Empire

3rd-century BC Babylonian writer, priest and astronomer

astronomer historian

C

Callippus of Cyzicus

369 – 309

4th-century BC Greek astronomer and mathematician

astronomer mathematician

C

Conon of Samos

279 – 219

Greek astronomer and mathematician (c.280–c.220 BC)

astronomer mathematician

E

Eratosthenes

275 – 193

Greek mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, librarian and music theorist

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher

E

Eudemus of Rhodes

349 – 289 · Rhodes

ancient Greek philosopher

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher

E

Eudoxus of Cnidus

407 – 354 · Doric hexapolis

Greek astronomer and mathematician (c.408–c.355 BC)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physician

G

Gaius Julius Hyginus

63 – 17 · Ancient Rome

Roman freedman and writer (c. 64 BC – AD 17)

astronomer

H

Heraclides Ponticus

384 – 321

Greek philosopher and astronomer (c.390–c.310 BC)

astronomer philosopher

H

Hipparchus

189 – 119 · Kingdom of Pergamon

2nd century Greek astronomer, geographer and mathematician

astronomer mathematician

H

Hippias

442 – 398 · Classical Athens

5th century BC Greek sophist

astronomer mathematician philosopher

H

Hippocrates of Chios

469 – 409

5th-century BC Greek mathematician and astronomer

astronomer mathematician

H

Hypatia

360 – 415 · Byzantine Empire

Greek Neoplatonist philosopher

astronomer mathematician philosopher

J

John Philoponus

490 – 570 · Byzantine Empire

Byzantine philologist and philosopher (c. 490–c. 570)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

J

Julius Firmicus Maternus

400 – 400 · Ancient Rome

4th century Latin writer and astrologer

astronomer

M

Menaechmus

379 – 319 · Alokopennesos

4th-century BC Greek mathematician

astronomer mathematician

P

Pappus of Alexandria

290 – 350

4th century Greek mathematician

astronomer mathematician

P

Philolaus

469 – 389 · Crotone

Greek philosopher, astronomer and Pythagorean (c.470–c.385 BCE)

astronomer mathematician philosopher

P

Posidonius

134 – 50

Greek Stoic philosopher (c.135 – c.51 BC)

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher physicist

P

Ptolemy

100 – 170 · Ancient Rome

2nd-century Roman mathematician, astronomer, geographer

astronomer mathematician philosopher

P

Pytheas

358 – 288

ancient Greek explorer

astronomer

S

Sima Qian

144 – 85 · Western Han

2nd-century BCE Chinese historian and writer

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher

S

Simplicius of Cilicia

480 – 560 · Byzantine Empire

6th-century Greek pagan philosopher

astronomer mathematician philosopher

S

Sosigenes of Alexandria

100 – 100

ancient Greek astronomer

astronomer mathematician philosopher

T

Theon of Alexandria

335 – 400

ancient Greek scholar

astronomer mathematician

W

Wang Chong

27 – 97 · Eastern Han

1st century Chinese meteorologist, astronomer, and philosopher

astronomer mathematician philosopher

Z

Zhang Heng

78 – 139 · Eastern Han

Chinese scientist and statesman (78–139)

astronomer mathematician philosopher

Z

Zu Chongzhi

429 – 501 · Southern Qi

Chinese mathematician-astronomer

astronomer mathematician

A

Abbas Ibn Firnas

810 – 887

9th century astronomer and physician

astronomer chemist physician

A

Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi

903 – 986 · Buyid dynasty

Persian astronomer (903-986)

astronomer mathematician

A

Abraham ibn Ezra

1092 – 1167

12th-century Sephardic rabbi and astrologer

astronomer mathematician philosopher physician

A

Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi

787 – 886 · Abbasid Caliphate

Persian astrologer and philosopher (787–886)

astronomer mathematician philosopher

A

Abu al-Wafa Buzjani

940 – 998

Persian mathematician and astronomer (940–998)

astronomer mathematician

A

Abu-Mahmud Khujandi

940 – 1000 · Samanid Empire

10th-century Persian astronomer and mathematician

astronomer mathematician

A

Abulfeda

1273 – 1331

geographer and leader (1273–1331)

astronomer historian

A

Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī

1027 – 1100 · al-Andalus

Muslim instrument maker, astrologer, and astronomer

astronomer

A

Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī

828 – 895 · Abbasid Caliphate

Persian Islamic polymath (died 895)

astronomer historian mathematician

A

Adelard of Bath

1075 – 1160 · Kingdom of England

12th-century English natural philosopher

astronomer mathematician philosopher

A

Al-Battani

858 – 930

Islamic astronomer and mathematician (died 929)

astronomer mathematician

A

Al-Biruni

973 – 1048 · Samanid Empire

11th-century Persian scholar and polymath (973–1048)

astronomer chemist historian linguist mathematician philosopher physicist

A

Al-Khazini

1077 – 1155 · Seljuk Empire

astronomer, philosopher and mechanician (1100-1200)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

A

Al-Kindi

801 – 870 · Abbasid Caliphate

Muslim Arab philosopher, mathematician and physician (c.801–873)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physician

A

Al-ʻIjliyyah

950 · Syria

Syrian scientist, mathematician, and astronomer, astrolabe maker

astronomer

A

Alfonso X of Castile and Leon

1221 – 1284 · Crown of Castile

King of Castile from 1252 to 1284

astronomer historian

A

Anania Shirakatsi

610 – 685

Armenian scientist

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher

A

Anaximander

609 – 545 · Miletus

pre-Socratic Greek philosopher

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

A

Anaximenes of Miletus

584 – 524

Greek Ionian Pre-Socratic philosopher (c.586–c.526 BC)

astronomer philosopher

A

Avempace

1095 – 1139 · Taifa of Zaragoza

Arab Andalusian polymath (c. 1085 – 1138)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physician physicist

A

Averroes

1126 – 1198

Arab Andalusian Muslim writer and philosopher (1126–1198)

astronomer philosopher physician

A

Avicenna

980 – 1037

Persian polymath, physician and philosopher (c. 980–1037)

astronomer chemist mathematician philosopher physician physicist

B

Bhaskara-I

600 – 680

7th-century Indian mathematician

astronomer mathematician

B

Brahmagupta

598 – 670

Indian mathematician and astronomer (c. 598 – c. 668 CE)

astronomer mathematician

C

Cosmas Indicopleustes

600 – 550 · Byzantine Empire

6th-century Greek traveller and merchant

astronomer

F

Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

1150 – 1210

12th-century Sunni Muslim theologian and philosopher

astronomer mathematician philosopher

F

Farabi

870 – 951 · Abbasid Caliphate

10th century Persian philosopher and jurist

astronomer philosopher physicist

G

Georgios Pachymeres

1242 – 1310 · Empire of Nicaea

Byzantine scholar (1242–1310)

astronomer historian philosopher

G

Gerard of Cremona

1114 – 1187 · Kingdom of Italy

Italian translator and astrologer (c. 1114 – 1187)

astronomer linguist philosopher

G

Guo Shoujing

1231 – 1316 · Yuan dynasty

Chinese astronomer and mathematician (1231–1316)

astronomer mathematician

H

Hasan-i Sabbah

1037 – 1124 · Nizari Ismaili state

The founder of the Ismaili state of Alamut and the Imam of the Nizari Ismailis (1081–1124)

astronomer mathematician philosopher

H

Hermann of Reichenau

1013 – 1054 · Holy Roman Empire

German 11th-century Benedictine monk

astronomer mathematician

I

Ibn Yunus

950 – 958 · Medieval Egypt

Egyptian mathematician (c. 950–1009)

astronomer mathematician philosopher

I

Ibn al-Haytham

965 – 1039 · Fatimid Egyptian Caliphate

Persian physicist, mathematician and astronomer (c. 965 – c. 1040)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

J

Jabir ibn Hayyan

721 – 815

8th-century Islamic alchemist and author

astronomer mathematician philosopher physician

J

Jamshīd al-Kāshī

1380 – 1429 · Timurid Empire

Persian astronomer and mathematician

astronomer mathematician physician

J

John of Damascus

675 – 749 · Umayyad Caliphate

Christian monk, priest, hymnographer and apologist (675/6-749)

astronomer philosopher

M

Meton of Athens

500 · Classical Athens

5th century BC Greek astronomer

astronomer mathematician

M

Michael Psellos

1018 – 1078 · Byzantine Empire

11th-century Byzantine monk, writer and court official

astronomer historian philosopher physician

M

Moshe ben Maimon

1138 – 1204 · al-Andalus

Medieval Jewish philosopher from Spain (1135–1204)

astronomer philosopher physician

M

Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

780 – 850

9th-century Persian mathematician and astronomer

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher

N

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

1201 – 1274 · Khwarazmian Empire

Persian astronomer (1201–1274)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physician

N

Nicephorus Gregoras

1295 – 1360 · Byzantine Empire

Byzantine astronomer and scholar

astronomer historian philosopher

N

Nicole Oresme

1320 – 1382 · Kingdom of France

14th century French philosopher and bishop

astronomer economist mathematician philosopher physicist psychologist

O

Omar Khayyám

1048 – 1131 · Seljuk Empire

Persian mathematician and poet (1048–1131)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

P

Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli

1397 – 1482 · Republic of Florence

Florentine astronomer

astronomer mathematician physician

P

Pierre d'Ailly

1350 – 1420 · Kingdom of France

French theologian and astrologer (1351–1420)

astronomer philosopher

P

Pietro d'Abano

1250 – 1316 · Republic of Venice

Italian physician, philosopher and philologist

astronomer mathematician philosopher physician

R

Robert Grosseteste

1168 – 1253 · Kingdom of England

English bishop and philosopher

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

S

Shen Kuo

1031 – 1095 · Song dynasty

Chinese scientist and statesman (1031-1095)

astronomer economist mathematician philosopher physicist

S

Shri Bhaskara II (Bhaskaracharya)

1114 – 1185

Indian mathematician and astronomer Mathematical genius who discovered early...

astronomer mathematician

S

Su Song

1020 – 1101 · Northern Song dynasty

Chinese polymath and statesman (1020–1101)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physician

T

Theano

600 – 500

6th-century BC Pythagorean philosopher

astronomer mathematician philosopher

T

Thābit ibn Qurra

836 – 901 · Abbasid Caliphate

Mesopotamian astronomer and mathematician

astronomer mathematician physician

T

Toghon Temür

1320 – 1370 · Mongol Empire

Yuan and Northern Yuan emperor from 1333 to 1370

astronomer

U

Ulugh Beg

1394 – 1449 · Timurid Empire

Timurid sultan, astronomer and mathematician (1394–1449)

astronomer mathematician

V

Varāhamihira

505 – 587

6th-century Hindu polymath, author of Brihat samhita

astronomer mathematician

Z

Ziryab

777 – 857 · al-Andalus

9th-century poet and musician

astronomer linguist

a

al-Jazari

1164 – 1206 · Artuqids

mathematician and engineer from Jazira, Artuqid State (1164–1206)

astronomer mathematician

A

Ali Qushji

1403 – 1474 · Timurid Empire

Ottoman astronomer and mathematician

astronomer linguist mathematician physicist

A

Aloysius Lilius

1510 – 1576

Italian astronomer

astronomer mathematician philosopher physician physicist

B

Bonaventura Cavalieri

1598 – 1647 · Duchy of Milan

Italian mathematician and astronomer (1598–1647)

astronomer mathematician

C

Christoph Scheiner

1573 – 1650 · Holy Roman Empire

Jesuit father, physicist and astronomer (*1575 – †1650)

astronomer mathematician physicist

C

Christopher Clavius

1538 – 1612 · Germany

German astronomer and mathematician (1538–1612)

astronomer mathematician

D

David Fabricius

1564 – 1617 · County of East Frisia

German astronomer

astronomer

F

Frederick de Houtman

1571 – 1627 · Seventeen Provinces

Dutch explorer, navigator, and colonial governor (1571–1627)

astronomer

G

Galileo Galilei

1564 – 1642 · Duchy of Florence

Italian polymath (1564–1642)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

G

Gemma Frisius

1508 – 1555 · Seventeen Provinces

Frisian physician, mathematician and cartographer (1508–1555)

astronomer mathematician physician

G

Georg Joachim Rheticus

1514 – 1574 · Holy Roman Empire

Austrian astronomist and mathematician (1514–1574)

astronomer mathematician physician

G

Georg von Peuerbach

1423 – 1461

Austrian mathematician and astronomer (1423-1461)

astronomer mathematician

G

Gerolamo Cardano

1501 – 1576 · Duchy of Milan

Italian Renaissance mathematician, physician, astrologer (1501-1576)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physician

G

Giambattista della Porta

1535 – 1615

Italian alchemist and dramatist (1535-1615)

astronomer chemist mathematician philosopher physicist

G

Giordano Bruno

1548 – 1600 · Kingdom of Naples

Italian Dominican friar, philosopher and mathematician (1548–1600)

astronomer mathematician philosopher

G

Giovan Battista Hodierna

1597 – 1660 · Kingdom of Sicily

Italian astronomer

astronomer

G

Giovanni Battista Riccioli

1598 – 1671

16th century Italian theologian and astronomer

astronomer philosopher

G

Girolamo Fracastoro

1478 – 1553 · Republic of Venice

Italian physician

astronomer mathematician physician

H

Hans Lippershay

1570 – 1619 · Dutch Republic

(1571-1619) German-Dutch spectacle-maker

astronomer physicist

H

Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa

1486 – 1535 · Electorate of Cologne

German polymath, physician, legal scholar and soldier (1486–1535)

astronomer philosopher physician

I

Ismail II

1533 – 1577 · Safavid Iran

Safavid Shah of Iran from 1576 to 1577

astronomer

J

Johann Adam Schall von Bell

1592 – 1666 · Germany

German astronomer and Jesuit missionary active in China

astronomer mathematician

J

Johann Bayer

1572 – 1625 · Germany

German lawyer and uranographer

astronomer

J

Johann Georg Faust

1480 – 1540 · Germany

German Renaissance alchemist, astrologer, and magician

astronomer

J

Johannes Kepler

1572 – 1630 · Duchy of Württemberg

German mathematician and astronomer (1571–1630)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

J

John Dee

1527 – 1609 · Kingdom of England

16th-century English mathematician, astrologer, and alchemist

astronomer mathematician philosopher

J

John Napier

1550 – 1617 · Kingdom of Scotland

Scottish mathematician, physicist, and astronomer (1550–1617)

astronomer mathematician physicist

J

Jost Bürgi

1552 – 1632 · Switzerland

Swiss clockmaker, maker of astronomical instruments and mathematician (1552-1632)

astronomer mathematician

L

Leonardo da Vinci

1452 – 1519 · Republic of Florence

Italian Renaissance polymath (1452−1519)

astronomer chemist mathematician physicist

M

Marin Mersenne

1588 – 1648 · France

French theologian, philosopher, mathematician and music theorist, often referred to as...

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

M

Martin Behaim

1459 – 1507 · Holy Roman Empire

German navigator and geographer to the King of Portugal (1459–1507)

astronomer historian mathematician

M

Michael Servetus

1511 – 1553 · Kingdom of France

Spanish physician and theologian

astronomer physician

N

Nicholas of Cusa

1401 – 1464 · Holy Roman Empire

German philosopher (1401 – 1464)

astronomer mathematician philosopher

N

Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc

1580 – 1637 · Kingdom of France

French astronomer (1580–1637)

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher

N

Nicolaus Copernicus

1473 – 1543 · Kingdom of Poland

Polish mathematician and astronomer (1473-1543)

astronomer economist mathematician philosopher physician physicist

N

Nostradamus

1503 – 1566 · Kingdom of France

French seer and astrologer (1503–1566)

astronomer mathematician physician

P

Paracelsus

1493 – 1541 · Switzerland

Swiss physician, philosopher, theologian, and alchemist (c. 1493–1541)

astronomer chemist philosopher physician

P

Pedro Nunes

1502 – 1578 · Kingdom of Portugal

Portuguese mathematician (1502–1578)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physician

P

Petrus Apianus

1495 – 1552 · Electorate of Saxony

German astronomer, mathematician and cartographer (1495-1552)

astronomer mathematician

P

Petrus Plancius

1552 – 1622 · Dutch Republic

Dutch-Flemish astronomer, cartographer and clergyman

astronomer

P

Philipp Melanchthon

1497 – 1560 · Germany

German reformer (1497-1560)

astronomer philosopher

P

Pierre Gassendi

1592 – 1655 · Kingdom of France

French philosopher, astronomer, mathematician, priest, and scientist (*1592 – †1655)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

R

Regiomontanus

1436 – 1476 · Holy Roman Empire

German mathematician and astronomer (1436–1476)

astronomer mathematician

R

René Descartes

1596 – 1650 · France

French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist (1596–1650)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

S

Sebastian Münster

1488 – 1552 · Germany

German cartographer, cosmographer, and scholar (1488–1552)

astronomer mathematician

S

Simon Marius

1573 – 1624 · Principality of Ansbach

German astronomer (1573–1624)

astronomer mathematician physician

S

Simon Stevin

1548 – 1620 · Habsburg Netherlands

Flemish mathematician, physicist and engineer (1548–1620)

astronomer mathematician physicist

S

Sophia Brahe

1559 – 1643 · Kingdom of Denmark

Danish horticulturalist

astronomer historian

T

Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf

1526 – 1585 · Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Syrian polymath (1526-1585)

astronomer mathematician

T

Thomas Harriot

1560 – 1621 · Kingdom of England

British scientist (*~1560 – †1621)

astronomer linguist mathematician

T

Tycho Brahe

1546 – 1601 · Kingdom of Denmark

Danish astronomer and alchemist, 1546–1601

astronomer

W

Wilhelm Schickard

1592 – 1635 · Duchy of Württemberg

German astronomer, mathematician

astronomer computer scientist mathematician

W

Willebrord Snellius

1580 – 1626

Dutch astronomer and mathematician

astronomer mathematician physicist

W

William Gilbert

1544 – 1603 · Kingdom of England

English physician, physicist and natural philosopher (1544-1603)

astronomer philosopher physician physicist

W

William Oughtred

1574 – 1660 · Kingdom of England

English mathematician and Anglican minister (1574–1660)

astronomer mathematician

X

Xu Guangqi

1562 – 1633 · Ming dynasty

late-Ming-dynasty Chinese politician, Scholar, Lay Catholic leader and Servant of God...

astronomer mathematician

A

Abraham de Moivre

1667 – 1754 · France

French mathematician (*1667 – †1754)

astronomer mathematician

A

Adolphe Quetelet

1796 – 1874 · Belgium

Belgian astronomer, mathematician, statistician and sociologist (1796-1874)

astronomer mathematician physicist sociologist

A

Alexander von Humboldt

1769 – 1859 · Kingdom of Prussia

Prussian geographer, naturalist and explorer (1769-1859)

astronomer economist physician

A

Alexis Bouvard

1767 – 1843 · France

French astronomer (1767-1843)

astronomer

A

Alexis Clairaut

1713 – 1765 · France

French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist (*1713 – †1765)

astronomer mathematician physicist

A

Anders Celsius

1701 – 1744 · Sweden

Swedish astronomer, physicist, and naturalist (1701-1744)

astronomer chemist mathematician physicist

A

Antoine Lavoisier

1743 – 1794 · France

French nobleman and chemist (1743–1794)

astronomer biologist chemist economist physicist

A

Antonio de Ulloa

1716 – 1795 · Kingdom of Spain

Spanish explorer, naval officer, colonial official, and naturalist

astronomer historian physicist

A

Athanasius Kircher

1602 – 1680 · Holy Roman Empire

German Jesuit scholar (1601 or 1602-1680)

astronomer biologist historian linguist mathematician philosopher physicist

A

August Ferdinand Möbius

1790 – 1868 · Kingdom of Saxony

German mathematician and astronomer (1790–1868)

astronomer mathematician

B

Benjamin Banneker

1731 – 1806 · United States

free African American scientist, surveyor, almanac author and farmer (1731–1806)

astronomer mathematician

B

Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle

1657 – 1757 · Kingdom of France

French writer and philosopher of the enlightenment (1657–1757)

astronomer mathematician philosopher

C

Carl Friedrich Gauss

1777 – 1855 · Kingdom of Hanover

German mathematician and physicist (1777–1855)

astronomer mathematician physicist

C

Caroline Herschel

1750 – 1848 · Kingdom of Hanover

German-British astronomer (1750-1848)

astronomer mathematician

C

Carsten Niebuhr

1733 – 1815 · Duchy of Holstein

German mathematician, botanist, cartographer and explorer in Danish service (1733–1815)

astronomer mathematician

C

Charles Babbage

1791 – 1871 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English mathematician, philosopher, and engineer (1791–1871)

astronomer computer scientist economist mathematician philosopher

C

Charles Marie de La Condamine

1701 – 1774 · Kingdom of France

French explorer, geographer, and mathematician (1701-1774)

astronomer mathematician physicist

C

Charles Messier

1730 – 1817 · France

18th- and 19th-century French astronomer

astronomer

C

Christiaan Huygens

1629 – 1695 · Dutch Republic

Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer (1629–1695)

astronomer mathematician physicist

C

Christopher Wren

1632 – 1723 · Kingdom of England

English architect (1632–1723)

astronomer mathematician physicist

C

Colin MacLaurin

1698 – 1746 · Kingdom of Scotland

Scottish mathematician (1698–1746)

astronomer mathematician physicist

D

David Brewster

1781 – 1868 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Scottish astronomer and mathematician (1781–1868)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

E

Edmond Halley

1656 – 1742 · Kingdom of England

English astronomer, mathematician, geophysicist, meteorologist and physicist (1656–1742)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

E

Edward Sabine

1788 – 1883 · Kingdom of Ireland

British Army general (1788-1883)

astronomer mathematician physicist

E

Ernst Chladni

1756 – 1827 · Kingdom of Prussia

German physicist, mathematician and musician (1756 – 1827)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

E

Ernst Heinrich Weber

1795 – 1878 · Kingdom of Saxony

German psychologist (1795–1878)

astronomer physician physicist psychologist

F

Farkas Bolyai

1775 – 1856 · Austrian Empire

Hungarian mathematician

astronomer mathematician

F

Ferdinand Verbiest

1623 – 1688 · County of Flanders

Flemish Jesuit missionary in Qing dynasty China (1623–1688)

astronomer mathematician

F

Francesco Maria Grimaldi

1618 – 1663

Italian physicist (1618–1663)

astronomer mathematician physicist

F

Francis Baily

1774 – 1844 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British astronomer

astronomer

F

Francis Beaufort

1774 – 1857 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Irish hydrographer and naval officer (1774-1857)

astronomer physicist

F

Franz Aepinus

1724 – 1802 · Russian Empire

German-Russian mathematician (1724-1802)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

F

Franz Anton Mesmer

1734 – 1815 · Holy Roman Empire

German physician

astronomer physician

F

François Arago

1786 – 1853 · France

French mathematician, physicist, astronomer and politician (1786-1853)

astronomer mathematician physicist

F

Friedrich Bessel

1784 – 1846 · Kingdom of Prussia

German astronomer and mathematician

astronomer mathematician physicist

F

Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve

1793 – 1864 · Duchy of Holstein

Baltic German astronomer (1793–1864)

astronomer

F

Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander

1799 – 1875 · Kingdom of Prussia

German astronomer (1799–1875)

astronomer

G

Georg Christoph Lichtenberg

1742 – 1799 · Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt

German scientist and satirist (1742-1799)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

G

George Atwood

1745 – 1807 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English mathematician (1745–1807)

astronomer mathematician physicist

G

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon

1707 – 1788 · France

French natural historian (1707-1788)

astronomer biologist mathematician philosopher physicist

G

Giovanni Battista Amici

1786 – 1863 · Duchy of Modena and Reggio

Italian astronomer, microscopist, and botanist (1786-1863)

astronomer mathematician physicist

G

Giovanni Domenico Cassini

1625 – 1712

Italian/French mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer (*1625 – †1712)

astronomer biologist mathematician

G

Giuseppe Piazzi

1746 – 1826

Italian Catholic priest, mathematician and astronomer (1746–1826)

astronomer mathematician

H

Heinrich Schwabe

1789 – 1875 · Duchy of Anhalt

German astronomer (1789-1875)

astronomer physicist

H

Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers

1758 – 1840 · Bremen

German physician and astronomer (1758-1840)

astronomer physician physicist

J

Jacques Cassini

1677 – 1756 · France

French astronomer

astronomer

J

James Bradley

1693 – 1762 · Kingdom of Great Britain

English astronomer; Astronomer Royal

astronomer

J

James Bruce

1730 – 1794 · Kingdom of Great Britain

Scottish explorer and botanist (1730–1794)

astronomer historian linguist

J

James Dunlop

1793 – 1848 · Australia

Australian astronomer (1793–1848)

astronomer

J

James Gregory

1638 – 1675 · Kingdom of Scotland

Scottish mathematician and astronomer

astronomer mathematician

J

Jean Le Rond d'Alembert

1717 – 1783 · Kingdom of France

French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher and music theorist (1717-1783)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

J

Jean Picard

1620 – 1682 · France

French astronomer

astronomer physicist

J

Jean Sylvain Bailly

1736 – 1793 · France

French astronomer, mathematician, freemason, and political leader (1736-1793)

astronomer mathematician

J

Jean-Baptiste Biot

1774 – 1862 · France

French scientist (1774-1862)

astronomer mathematician physicist

J

Jean-Baptiste Joseph Delambre

1749 – 1822 · France

French mathematician and astronomer

astronomer historian

J

Jean-Philippe de Cheseaux

1718 – 1751 · Switzerland

Swiss astronomer (1718–1751)

astronomer

J

Jeremiah Horrocks

1618 – 1641 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English astronomer

astronomer mathematician

J

Johann Daniel Titius

1729 – 1796 · Kingdom of Prussia

German astronomer

astronomer mathematician physicist

J

Johann Elert Bode

1747 – 1826 · Kingdom of Prussia

Prusian astronomer (1747–1826)

astronomer

J

Johann Franz Encke

1791 – 1865 · Kingdom of Prussia

German astronomer (1791–1865)

astronomer mathematician

J

Johann Friedrich Pfaff

1765 – 1825 · Kingdom of Württemberg

German mathematician (1765-1825)

astronomer mathematician

J

Johann Heinrich Lambert

1728 – 1777 · Republic of Mulhouse

German mathematician, physicist and astronomer (1728-1777)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

J

Johann Hieronymus Schröter

1745 – 1816 · Electorate of Mainz

German selenographer (1745-1816)

astronomer

J

Johannes Hevelius

1611 – 1687 · Gdańsk

astronomer setting up the cartography of the Moon

astronomer mathematician

J

John Dollond

1706 – 1761 · Kingdom of Great Britain

English optician, known for his achromatic doublets

astronomer physicist

J

John Flamsteed

1646 – 1720

English astronomer and the first Astronomer Royal

astronomer

J

John Frederick William Herschel

1792 – 1871 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English polymath, mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and photographer (1792–1871)

astronomer chemist mathematician physicist

J

John Goodricke

1764 – 1786 · Kingdom of Great Britain

Dutch astronomer (1764-1786)

astronomer

J

John Harrison

1693 – 1776 · Kingdom of Great Britain

British clockworker

astronomer

J

John Michell

1724 – 1793 · Kingdom of Great Britain

English philosopher

astronomer philosopher physicist

J

Joseph von Fraunhofer

1787 – 1826 · Kingdom of Bavaria

Bavarian physicist and optical lens manufacturer

astronomer chemist physicist

J

Joseph-Louis Lagrange

1736 – 1813 · Kingdom of Sardinia

Mathematician and astronomer (1736–1813)

astronomer mathematician physicist

J

Joseph-Nicolas Delisle

1688 – 1768 · Russian Empire

French astronomer

astronomer physicist

J

Jurij Vega

1754 – 1802 · Habsburg monarchy

Slovene mathematician, physicist and artillery officer (1754-1802)

astronomer mathematician physicist

J

Jérôme Lalande

1732 – 1807 · France

French astronomer (*1732 – †1807)

astronomer mathematician

K

Karl Ludwig Harding

1765 – 1834 · Electorate of Hanover

German astronomer (1765-1834)

astronomer

K

Karl Ludwig Hencke

1793 – 1866 · Kingdom of Prussia

German astronomer (1793–1866)

astronomer

L

Leonhard Euler

1707 – 1783 · Old Swiss Confederacy

Swiss mathematician, physicist, and engineer (1707–1783)

astronomer mathematician physicist

M

Maria Margaretha Kirch

1670 – 1720

German astronomer (1670-1720)

astronomer

M

Mary Somerville

1780 – 1872 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Scottish scientist, writer and polymath (1780–1872)

astronomer mathematician physicist

M

Mikhail Lomonosov

1711 – 1765 · Russian Empire

Russian polymath (1711-1765)

astronomer chemist historian linguist mathematician philosopher physicist

N

Nevil Maskelyne

1732 – 1811 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

fifth Astronomer Royal (*1765 – †1811)

astronomer mathematician

N

Nicolas Louis de Lacaille

1713 – 1762 · Kingdom of France

French astronomer

astronomer mathematician

N

Nicole-Reine Lepaute

1723 – 1788 · Kingdom of France

French astronomer (1723-1788)

astronomer mathematician

O

Ole Rømer

1644 – 1710 · Kingdom of Denmark

Danish astronomer (*1644 – †1710)

astronomer mathematician physicist

P

Pierre Bouguer

1698 – 1758 · Kingdom of France

French astronomer and mathematician (1698-1758)

astronomer mathematician physicist

P

Pierre Méchain

1744 – 1804 · France

French mathematician and astronomer (1744-1804)

astronomer mathematician physicist

P

Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis

1698 – 1759 · France

French mathematician, philosopher and man of letters

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

P

Pierre-Simon Laplace

1749 – 1827 · France

French mathematician and astronomer (1749–1827)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

R

Robert Hooke

1635 – 1703 · Kingdom of England

English natural philosopher, architect and polymath (1635 — 1703)

astronomer biologist philosopher physicist

R

Roger Cotes

1682 – 1716 · Kingdom of Great Britain

English mathematician

astronomer mathematician physicist

R

Ruđer Josip Bošković

1711 – 1787 · Republic of Ragusa

Croat physicist (1711–1787)

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher physicist

S

Siméon Denis Poisson

1781 – 1840 · France

French mathematician, mechanician and physicist (1781–1840)

astronomer mathematician physicist

S

Stephen Gray

1666 – 1736 · Kingdom of Great Britain

British chemist, physicist, astronomer

astronomer chemist physicist

T

Thomas Young

1773 – 1829 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English polymath (1773-1829)

astronomer linguist philosopher physician physicist

V

Vincenzo Viviani

1622 – 1703 · Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Italian scientist (1622-1703)

astronomer mathematician physicist

W

Wilhelm Beer

1797 – 1850 · Kingdom of Prussia

Astronomer and banker (1797-1850)

astronomer

W

William Cranch Bond

1789 – 1859 · United States

American astronomer (1789-1859)

astronomer

W

William Herschel

1738 – 1822 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

German-born British astronomer and composer (1738–1822)

astronomer physicist

W

William Hyde Wollaston

1766 – 1828 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English chemist and physicist (1766–1828)

astronomer chemist physician physicist

W

William Lassell

1799 – 1880 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English merchant and astronomer (1799–1880)

astronomer physicist

W

William Whewell

1794 – 1866 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English philosopher and historian of science (1794–1866)

astronomer economist historian mathematician philosopher physicist

A

Agnes Mary Clerke

1842 – 1907 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Irish astronomer and writer (1842–1907)

astronomer

A

Albert Marth

1828 – 1897 · Kingdom of Prussia

German astronomer (1828–1897)

astronomer physicist

A

Alfred Wegener

1880 – 1930 · Germany

German climatologist and geophysicist (1880–1930)

astronomer physicist

A

Alphonse Borrelly

1842 – 1926 · France

French astronomer

astronomer

A

Anders Jonas Ångström

1814 – 1874 · Sweden

Swedish physicist

astronomer physicist

A

Angelo Secchi

1818 – 1878 · Kingdom of Italy

Italian astronomer

astronomer physicist

A

Annibale de Gasparis

1819 – 1892 · Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

Italian astronomer (1819–1892)

astronomer mathematician

A

Annie Jump Cannon

1863 – 1941 · United States

American astronomer (1863-1941)

astronomer physicist

A

Annie Scott Dill Maunder

1868 – 1947 · United Kingdom

British astronomer (1868-1947)

astronomer mathematician

A

Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie

1810 – 1897 · France

Irish-born French explorer, geographer, ethnologist, linguist and astronomer (1810-1897)

astronomer physicist

A

Anton Pannekoek

1873 – 1960 · Kingdom of the Netherlands

Dutch astronomer and Marxist theorist (1873-1960)

astronomer philosopher

A

Antonio Abetti

1846 – 1928 · Kingdom of Italy

Italian astronomer (1846-1928)

astronomer physicist

A

Arthur Auwers

1838 – 1915 · Kingdom of Prussia

German astronomer (1838–1915)

astronomer

A

Arthur Eddington

1882 – 1944 · United Kingdom

British astrophysicist (1882-1944)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

A

Asaph Hall

1829 – 1907 · United States

American astronomer (1829–1907)

astronomer mathematician

A

August Kopff

1882 – 1960 · Germany

German astronomer (1882-1960)

astronomer

A

Auguste Bravais

1811 – 1863 · France

French physicist (1811-1863)

astronomer mathematician physicist

A

Auguste Charlois

1864 – 1910 · France

French astronomer (1864-1910)

astronomer

B

Benjamin Peirce

1809 – 1880 · United States

American mathematician (1809–1880)

astronomer mathematician

B

Bernard Lyot

1897 – 1952 · France

French astronomer (1897-1952)

astronomer

B

Bernhard Schmidt

1879 – 1935 · Estonia

Baltic German astronomer (1879-1935)

astronomer physicist

C

Camille Flammarion

1842 – 1925 · France

French astronomer and author (1842–1925)

astronomer

C

Charles Fabry

1867 – 1945 · France

French physicist

astronomer physicist

C

Charles Greeley Abbot

1872 – 1973 · United States

American astrophysicist and the 5th Secretary of the Smithsonian (1872–1973)

astronomer

C

Charles-Eugène Delaunay

1816 – 1872 · France

French astronomer and mathematician (1816-1872)

astronomer mathematician

C

Christian Dopplerr

1803 – 1853 · Austrian Empire

Austrian mathematician and physicist (1803-1853)

astronomer mathematician physicist

C

Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters

1813 – 1890 · Kingdom of Denmark

German-American academic and astronomer (1813–1890)

astronomer physicist

E

E. M. Antoniadi

1870 – 1944 · France

Greek astronomer

astronomer

E

Edward Charles Pickering

1846 – 1919 · United States

American astronomer (1846–1919)

astronomer

E

Edward Emerson Barnard

1857 – 1923 · United States

American astronomer and astronomical photographer (1857-1923)

astronomer

E

Edward Victor Appleton

1892 – 1965 · United Kingdom

English physicist (1892–1965)

astronomer physicist

E

Edwin Hubble

1889 – 1953 · United States

American astronomer (1889–1953)

astronomer

E

Ejnar Hertzsprung

1873 – 1967 · Kingdom of Denmark

Danish astronomer and chemist

astronomer chemist

E

Ernest William Brown

1866 – 1938 · United Kingdom

English-American astronomer and mathematician

astronomer mathematician

E

Ernst Abbe

1840 – 1905 · Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

German physicist (1840-1905)

astronomer physicist

E

Ernst Öpik

1893 – 1985 · Russian Empire

Estonian astronomer and astrophysicist (1893-1985)

astronomer

E

Eugène Joseph Delporte

1882 – 1955 · Belgium

Belgian astronomer (1882–1955)

astronomer

F

Felix Hausdorff

1868 – 1942 · German Reich

German mathematician (*1868 – †1942)

astronomer mathematician

F

Francis Preserved Leavenworth

1858 – 1928 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer

F

Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann

1870 – 1964 · Germany

German astronomer (1870-1964)

astronomer

F

Fritz Zwicky

1898 – 1974 · Switzerland

Swiss astronomer who posited dark matter (1898–1974)

astronomer physicist

G

George Biddell Airy

1801 – 1892 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English mathematician and astronomer (*1801 – †1892)

astronomer mathematician physicist

G

George Ellery Hale

1868 – 1938 · United States

American astronomer (1868-1938)

astronomer physicist

G

George Howard Darwin

1845 – 1912 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English astronomer, mathematician (1845–1912)

astronomer mathematician

G

George Johnstone Stoney

1826 – 1911 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Anglo-Irish physicist (1826-1911)

astronomer physicist

G

George Phillips Bond

1825 – 1865 · United States

American astronomer (1825 – 1865)

astronomer

G

George William Hill

1838 – 1914 · United States

American astronomer and mathematician (1838–1914)

astronomer mathematician

G

Georges Lemaître

1894 – 1966 · Belgium

Belgian astrophysicist and Catholic priest (1894–1966)

astronomer mathematician physicist

G

Giovanni Schiaparelli

1835 – 1910 · Kingdom of Italy

Italian astronomer and science historian (1835-1910)

astronomer mathematician

G

Grigory Neujmin

1886 – 1946 · Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

Russian astronomer (1885–1946)

astronomer

G

Guillaume Bigourdan

1851 – 1932 · France

French astronomer (1851–1932)

astronomer

H

Harlow Shapley

1885 – 1972 · United States

American astronomer (1885-1972)

astronomer

H

Harold Jeffreys

1891 – 1989 · United Kingdom

British geophysicist and statistician (1891–1989)

astronomer mathematician

H

Harold Spencer Jones

1890 – 1960 · United Kingdom

British astronomer (1890–1960)

astronomer

H

Harold Urey

1893 – 1981 · United States

American physical chemist (1893-1981)

astronomer chemist physicist

H

Heber Doust Curtis

1872 – 1942 · United States

American astronomer (1872-1942)

astronomer

H

Heinrich Louis d'Arrest

1822 – 1875 · Kingdom of Prussia

German astronomer (1822–1875)

astronomer

H

Henri Poincaré

1854 – 1912 · France

French mathematician, physicist and engineer (1854–1912)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

H

Henrietta Swan Leavitt

1868 – 1921 · United States

American astronomer and human calculator (1868–1921)

astronomer

H

Henry Draper

1837 – 1882 · United States

American physician and astronomer (1837–1882)

astronomer chemist physician physicist

H

Henry Norris Russell

1877 – 1957 · United States

American astronomer (1877–1957)

astronomer

H

Hermann Carl Vogel

1841 – 1907 · Kingdom of Saxony

German astronomer (1841-1907)

astronomer physicist

H

Hermann Goldschmidt

1802 – 1866 · Holy Roman Empire

German-French astronomer and painter (1802-1866)

astronomer

H

Hippolyte Fizeau

1819 – 1896 · Belgium

French physicist (1819–1896)

astronomer physicist

H

Horace Parnell Tuttle

1837 – 1923 · United States

American astronomer (1837–1923)

astronomer

J

Jacobus Kapteyn

1851 – 1922 · Kingdom of the Netherlands

Dutch astronomer, best known for his extensive studies of the Milky Way and as the...

astronomer physicist

J

James Craig Watson

1838 – 1880 · United States

American astronomer (1838-1880)

astronomer

J

James Edward Keeler

1857 – 1900 · United States

American astronomer (1857–1900)

astronomer physicist

J

James Hopwood Jeans

1877 – 1946 · United Kingdom

British mathematician and astronomer (1877 – 1946)

astronomer mathematician physicist

J

Jean Chacornac

1823 – 1873 · France

French astronomer

astronomer

J

Joel Hastings Metcalf

1866 – 1925 · United States

American astronomer (1866-1925)

astronomer

J

Johann Gottfried Galle

1812 – 1910 · Kingdom of Prussia

German astronomer (1812-1910)

astronomer

J

Johann Palisa

1848 – 1925 · Cisleithania

Austrian astronomist (1848–1925)

astronomer

J

John Couch Adams

1819 – 1892 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English mathematician and astronomer (1819–1892)

astronomer mathematician

J

John Louis Emil Dreyer

1852 – 1926 · Kingdom of Denmark

Danish-Irish astronomer

astronomer

J

John Russell Hind

1823 – 1895 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English astronomer

astronomer

J

Joseph Liouville

1809 – 1882 · France

French mathematician and engineer (1809–1882)

astronomer mathematician

K

Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth

1892 – 1979 · Germany

German astronomer (1892–1979)

astronomer

K

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

1857 – 1935 · Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

Russian and Soviet rocket scientist and pioneer of the astronautic theory (1857-1935)

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

K

Kristian Birkeland

1867 – 1917 · Norway

Norwegian scientist (1867–1917)

astronomer physicist

L

Lewis A. Swift

1820 – 1913 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer

L

Léon Foucault

1819 – 1868 · France

French physicist (1819–1868)

astronomer physicist

M

Maria Mitchell

1818 – 1889 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer

M

Matthew Fontaine Maury

1806 – 1873 · United States

United States Navy officer

astronomer historian physicist

M

Max Wolf

1863 – 1932 · Germany

German astrophotography pioneer (1863-1932)

astronomer

M

Meghnad Saha

1893 – 1956 · Dominion of India

Bengali Astrophysicist (1893–1956)

astronomer physicist

M

Milan Rastislav Štefánik

1880 – 1919 · Czechoslovakia

Slovak politician, diplomat, French Army general and astronomer (1880-1919)

astronomer

M

Milutin Milanković

1879 – 1958 · Kingdom of Yugoslavia

Serbian mathematician, astronomer, geophysicist, climatologist, and engineer (1879–1958)

astronomer mathematician physicist

N

N. R. Pogson

1829 – 1891 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British astronomer (1829–1891)

astronomer

N

Norman Lockyer

1836 – 1920 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English scientist and astronomer (1836–1920)

astronomer physicist

O

Oskar Backlund

1846 – 1916 · Russian Empire

Swedish astronomer (1846–1916)

astronomer

O

Otto Schmidt

1891 – 1956 · Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

Russian geophysicist and polar explorer of Baltic German origin (1891-1956)

astronomer mathematician physicist

O

Otto Struve

1897 – 1963 · United States

Baltic German astronomer (1897–1963)

astronomer

O

Otto Wilhelm von Struve

1819 – 1905 · German Empire

Baltic German astronomer (1819–1905)

astronomer

P

Percival Lowell

1855 – 1916 · United States

American astronomer (1855-1916)

astronomer mathematician

P

Pierre Janssen

1824 – 1907 · France

French astronomer (1824-1907)

astronomer physicist

R

Robert Grant Aitken

1864 – 1951 · United States

American astronomer (1864–1951)

astronomer

R

Robert H. Goddard

1882 – 1945 · United States

American physicist

astronomer mathematician physicist

R

Robert Luther

1822 – 1900 · Kingdom of Prussia

German astronomer (1822–1900)

astronomer

R

Ronald Fisher

1890 – 1962 · United Kingdom

British statistician, evolutionary biologist and geneticist (1890–1962)

astronomer mathematician

S

Samuel Langley

1834 – 1906 · United States

American physicist, pioneer of aviation, and 3rd Secretary of the Smithsonian (1834-1906)

astronomer physicist

S

Sergey Belyavsky

1883 – 1953 · Russian Empire

Soviet/Russian astronomer (1883-1953)

astronomer

S

Seth Barnes Nicholson

1891 – 1963 · United States

American astronomer (1891–1963)

astronomer

S

Simon Newcomb

1835 – 1909 · United States

American astronomer (1835–1909)

astronomer economist mathematician

S

Svante August Arrhenius

1859 – 1927 · Sweden

Swedish astronomer, chemist and physicist (1859–1927)

astronomer chemist physicist

T

Theodore von Kármán

1881 – 1963 · German Empire

Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer and physicist (1881–1963)

astronomer mathematician physicist

U

Urbain Le Verrier

1811 – 1877 · France

French astronomer (1811-1877)

astronomer mathematician

W

Walter Baade

1893 – 1960 · Germany

German astronomer (1893–1960)

astronomer

W

Walter Sydney Adams

1876 – 1956 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer

W

Wilhelm Tempel

1821 – 1889 · Kingdom of Saxony

German astronomer (1821–1889)

astronomer

W

Willem de Sitter

1872 – 1934 · Kingdom of the Netherlands

Dutch cosmologist (*1872 – †1934)

astronomer mathematician physicist

W

William Henry Pickering

1858 – 1938 · United States

American astronomer (1858–1938)

astronomer

W

William Huggins

1824 – 1910 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British astronomer (1824–1910)

astronomer physicist

W

William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse

1800 – 1867 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Anglo-Irish astronomer (1800-1867)

astronomer

W

William Rowan Hamilton

1805 – 1865 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Irish mathematician and astronomer (1805-1865)

astronomer mathematician physicist

W

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin

1824 – 1907 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British physicist and engineer (1824–1907)

astronomer chemist mathematician physicist

W

William Wallace Campbell

1862 – 1938 · United States

American astronomer (1862–1938)

astronomer

W

Williamina Fleming

1857 – 1911 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

astronoma escocesa (1857-1911)

astronomer

Y

Yrjö Väisälä

1891 – 1971 · Grand Duchy of Finland

Finnish astronomer and physicist

astronomer physicist

É

Édouard Roche

1820 – 1883 · France

French astronomer (1820-1883)

astronomer mathematician

É

Édouard Stephan

1837 – 1923 · France

French astronomer (1837–1923)

astronomer

A

Adam Riess

1969 · United States

American astrophysicist

astronomer physicist

A

Aglaonike

ancient Greek astronomer, daughter of Hegetor

astronomer

A

Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathīr al-Farghānī

· Abbasid Caliphate

Abbasid astronomer (c. 800 – 870)

astronomer mathematician

A

Alan Guth

1947 · United States

American theoretical physicist and cosmologist

astronomer physicist

A

Alenush Terian

1920 – 2011 · Iran

Iranian astronomer (1920-2011)

astronomer physicist

A

Allan Sandage

1926 – 2010 · United States

American astronomer (1926-2010)

astronomer

A

Andrea M. Ghez

1965 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer mathematician

A

Andrei Linde

1948 · Russia

Russian-born American theoretical physicist

astronomer physicist

A

Anousheh Ansari

1966 · Iran

Iranian-American engineer and entrepreneur

astronomer

A

Antony Hewish

1924 – 2021 · United Kingdom

English physicist and radio astronomer (1924–2021)

astronomer physicist

A

Antonín Mrkos

1918 – 1996 · Czechoslovakia

Czech astronomer (1918–1996)

astronomer

A

Arno Allan Penzias

1933 – 2024 · statelessness

German-born American physicist

astronomer physicist

B

Bart Bok

1906 – 1983 · Kingdom of the Netherlands

Dutch-American astronomer (1906–1983)

astronomer

B

Beatrice Tinsley

1941 – 1981 · United States

New Zealand astronomer (1941–1981)

astronomer

B

Bernard Lovell

1913 – 2012 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English physicist and radio astronomer

astronomer physicist

B

Brian Cox

1968 · United Kingdom

English physicist and musician

astronomer physicist

B

Brian G. Marsden

1937 – 2010 · United Kingdom

British astronomer (1937–2010)

astronomer

B

Brian Schmidt

1967 · Australia

American-born Australian astrophysicist

astronomer

C

Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker

1912 – 2007 · Kingdom of Württemberg

German physicist (1912–2007)

astronomer philosopher physicist

C

Carl Keenan Seyfert

1911 – 1960 · United States

American astronomer (1911–1960)

astronomer

C

Carl Sagan

1934 – 1996 · United States

American astrophysicist, cosmologist and author (1934–1996)

astronomer physicist

C

Carolyn Porco

1953 · United States

American planetary scientist

astronomer

C

Carolyn S. Shoemaker

1929 – 2021 · United States

American astronomer, researcher and university teacher

astronomer

C

Cecilia Helena Payne Gaposchkin

1900 – 1979 · United Kingdom

British-born American astronomer

astronomer

C

Chadwick Trujillo

1973 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer

C

Charles T. Kowal

1940 – 2011 · Poland

American astronomer (1940-2011)

astronomer

C

Clyde Tombaugh

1906 – 1997 · United States

American astronomer (1906–1997)

astronomer

C

Cornelis Johannes van Houten

1920 – 2002 · Kingdom of the Netherlands

Dutch astronomer (1920–2002)

astronomer

D

David Brin

1950 · United States

American scientist and science fiction author (born 1950)

astronomer physicist

D

David C. Jewitt

1958 · United States

British astronomer

astronomer

D

David H. Levy

1948 · United States

Canadian astronomer (born 1948)

astronomer

D

David L. Rabinowitz

1960 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer

D

Didier Queloz

1966 · Switzerland

Swiss astronomer

astronomer

E

Edward L. G. Bowell

1943 – 2023 · United States

American astronomer (1943–2023)

astronomer

E

Eleanor F. Helin

1932 – 2009 · United States

American astronomer (1932-2009)

astronomer

E

Elizabeth Roemer

1929 – 2016 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer

E

Eric W. Weisstein

1969 · United States

American mathematician

astronomer mathematician

E

Eric Walter Elst

1936 – 2022 · Belgium

Belgian astronomer (1936–2022)

astronomer

E

Eugene Merle Shoemaker

1928 – 1997 · United States

American geologist and astronomer

astronomer

E

Eugene Parker

1927 – 2022 · United States

American astronomer (1927–2022)

astronomer physicist

E

Ewine van Dishoeck

1955 · Kingdom of the Netherlands

Dutch astronomer and chemist

astronomer chemist

F

Frank Drake

1930 – 2022 · United States

American astronomer and astrophysicist (1930–2022)

astronomer

F

Fred Hoyle

1915 – 2001 · United Kingdom

British astronomer (1915–2001)

astronomer mathematician physicist

F

Fred Lawrence Whipple

1906 – 2004 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer

G

George F. Smoot

1945 – 2025 · United States

American astrophysicist and cosmologist (1945–2025)

astronomer physicist

G

George Gamow

1904 – 1968 · Russian Empire

Russian-American theoretical physicist and cosmologist (1904–1968)

astronomer physicist

G

George O. Abell

1927 – 1983 · United States

American astronomer (1927—1983)

astronomer

G

Gerard K. O'Neill

1927 – 1992 · United States

American physicist and futurologist (1927–1992)

astronomer physicist

G

Gerard Kuiper

1905 – 1973 · Kingdom of the Netherlands

Netherlands-born American astronomer (1905–1973)

astronomer

G

Gerhard Herzberg

1904 – 1999 · Nazi Germany

German-Canadian physicist and physical chemist (1904-1999)

astronomer chemist physicist

G

Gregory Benford

1941 · United States

science fiction author and astrophysicist

astronomer physicist

G

Grote Reber

1911 – 2002 · Australia

American pioneer of radio astronomy (1911–2002)

astronomer physicist

H

Hal Clement

1922 – 2003 · United States

American author (1922–2003)

astronomer

H

Halton Arp

1927 – 2013 · Germany

astronomer from the United States (1927-2013)

astronomer

H

Hannes Alfvén

1908 – 1995 · Sweden

Swedish electrical engineer, plasma physicist and science fiction author (1908–1995),...

astronomer physicist

H

Helen Sawyer Hogg

1905 – 1993 · United States

astronomer (1905-1993)

astronomer

H

Henri Debehogne

1928 – 2007 · Belgium

astronomer (1928–2007)

astronomer

H

Hermann Bondi

1919 – 2005 · United Kingdom

Austrian-British mathematician and cosmologist

astronomer mathematician physicist

I

Imhotep

2800 – 2700 · Ancient Egypt

Egyptian polymath, later revered as a god

astronomer physician

I

Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld

1921 – 2015 · Kingdom of the Netherlands

Dutch astronomer (1921–2015)

astronomer

I

Iosif Shklovsky

1916 – 1985 · Russian Empire

Soviet astronomer (1916–1985)

astronomer

J

J. Allen Hynek

1910 – 1986 · United States

American astronomer (1910–1986)

astronomer physicist

J

Jacob Bekenstein

1947 – 2015 · Israel

Mexican-Israeli physicist

astronomer

J

James A. Van Allen

1914 – 2006 · United States

American astrophysicist (1914–2006)

astronomer physicist

J

James E. Hansen

1941 · United States

American climatologist (1941-)

astronomer physicist

J

James W. Christy

1938 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer

J

Jan Hendrik Oort

1900 – 1992 · Kingdom of the Netherlands

Dutch astronomer (1900–1992)

astronomer physicist

J

Jane Luu

1963 · Vietnam

Vietnamese American astronomer

astronomer

J

Jayant Vishnu Narlikar

1938 – 2025 · India

Indian astrophysicist and writer (1938–2025)

astronomer

J

Jill Tarter

1944 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer

J

Jim Peebles

1935 · United States

Canadian-American astronomer & Nobel Laureate in Physics

astronomer physicist

J

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

1943 · United Kingdom

British astrophysicist (born 1943)

astronomer physicist

J

John Barrow

1952 – 2020 · United Kingdom

British physicist and mathematician (1952-2020)

astronomer mathematician physicist

J

John C. Mather

1946 · United States

American astrophysicist and cosmologist

astronomer physicist

J

Joseph Hooton Taylor

1941 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer physicist

K

Karl Guthe Jansky

1905 – 1950 · United States

American physicist and radio engineer

astronomer physicist

K

Kip S. Thorne

1940 · United States

American physicist (born 1940)

astronomer physicist

L

Lawrence M. Krauss

1954 · United States

American particle physicist and cosmologist

astronomer physicist

L

Lee Smolin

1955 · United States

American theoretical physicist (born 1955)

astronomer physicist

L

Lenka Kotková

1973 · Czech Republic

Czech astronomer, asteroid discoverer

astronomer

L

Leonid Kizim

1941 – 2010 · Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Soviet cosmonaut (1941-2010)

astronomer

L

Liisi Oterma

1915 – 2001 · Finland

Finnish astronomer

astronomer

L

Luboš Kohoutek

1935 – 2023 · Czechoslovakia

Czech astronomer (1935–2023)

astronomer

L

Luis Walter Alvarez

1911 – 1988 · United States

American experimental physicist, inventor, and professor (1911–1988)

astronomer physicist

L

Lyman Spitzer

1914 – 1997 · United States

American astronomer (1914–1997)

astronomer physicist

L

Lyudmila Chernykh

1935 – 2017 · Soviet Union

Soviet astronomer

astronomer

L

Lyudmila Zhuravlyova

1946 · Soviet Union

Ukrainian astronomer

astronomer

M

Margaret Burbidge

1919 – 2020 · United Kingdom

British-born American astronomer (1919–2020)

astronomer

M

Margaret Geller

1947 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer

M

Margherita Hack

1922 – 2013 · Kingdom of Italy

Italian astrophysicist and popular science writer (1922-2013)

astronomer

M

Martin Ryle

1918 – 1984 · United Kingdom

English radio astronomer (1918–1984)

astronomer physicist

M

Martin Schwarzschild

1912 – 1997 · Germany

German astronomer (1912-1997)

astronomer physicist

M

Max Tegmark

1967 · Sweden

Swedish-American physicist and cosmologist

astronomer physicist

M

Michael E. Brown

1965 · United States

American planetary astronomer

astronomer

M

Michel Mayor

1942 · Switzerland

Swiss astrophysicist & Nobel laureate of Physics

astronomer physicist

N

Nancy Roman

1925 – 2018 · United States

American astronomer and principal in the Hubble Space Telescope project (1925-2018)

astronomer

N

Nikolai Chernykh

1931 – 2004 · Soviet Union

Soviet and Ukrainian astronomer

astronomer

N

Nikolai Kardashev

1932 – 2019 · Soviet Union

Soviet and Russian astronomer

astronomer

N

Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji

12th-century Iberian Arab astronomer and Qadi

astronomer

P

Patrick Moore

1923 – 2012 · United Kingdom

English astronomer, broadcaster and writer (1923–2012)

astronomer

P

Peter Naur

1928 – 2016 · Kingdom of Denmark

Danish computer scientist (1928–2016) and Turing Award winner (2005); author of...

astronomer computer scientist

R

Ralph Asher Alpher

1921 – 2007 · United States

American cosmologist (1921–2007)

astronomer physicist

R

Rashid Sunyaev

1943 · Soviet Union

Russian astronomer (born 1943)

astronomer physicist

R

Reinhard Genzel

1952 · Germany

German astronomer

astronomer

R

Riccardo Giacconi

1931 – 2018 · Kingdom of Italy

Italian-American astrophysicist (1931-2018)

astronomer physicist

R

Robert H. Dicke

1916 – 1997 · United States

American astronomer (1916–1997)

astronomer physicist

R

Robert H. McNaught

1956 · Australia

British astronomer

astronomer

R

Robert Wilson

1936 · United States

American astronomer (born 1936)

astronomer physicist

R

Roger Penrose

1931 · United Kingdom

English mathematical physicist, recreational mathematician and philosopher

astronomer mathematician philosopher physicist

R

Ruby Payne-Scott

1912 – 1981 · Australia

Australian radio astronomer (1912-1981)

astronomer physicist

R

Russell Alan Hulse

1950 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer physicist

S

Sandra Faber

1944 · United States

American astrophysicist

astronomer

S

Sara Seager

1971 · United States

Canadian astronomer and planetary scientist

astronomer biologist physicist

S

Saul Perlmutter

1959 · United States

American astrophysicist and Nobel laureate

astronomer physicist

S

Schelte J. Bus

1956 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer

S

Scott S. Sheppard

1977 · United States

American astronomer

astronomer

S

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

1910 – 1995 · British Raj

Indian-American astrophysicist

astronomer mathematician physicist

S

Svetlana Gerasimenko

1945 – 2025 · Soviet Union

Ukrainian soviet and Tajik astronomer

astronomer

S

Sylvester II

Pope of the Catholic Church from 938 to 1003

astronomer mathematician philosopher

T

Takeshi Urata

1947 – 2012 · Japan

Japanese astronomer (1947–2012)

astronomer

T

Tamara Smirnova

1935 – 2001 · Soviet Union

Russian astronomer (1935-2001)

astronomer

T

Thomas Gold

1920 – 2004 · Austria

Austrian astrophysicist (1920-2004)

astronomer physicist

T

Tim Russ

1956 · United States

American actor

astronomer

T

Tom Gehrels

1925 – 2011 · Kingdom of the Netherlands

Dutch astronomer (1925–2011)

astronomer

V

Vasiṣṭha

2000 – 2000

ancient Indian sage

astronomer

V

Vera Rubin

1928 – 2016 · United States

American astronomer and physicist (1928-2016)

astronomer physicist

W

William Alfred Fowler

1911 – 1995 · United States

American nuclear physicist (1911-1995)

astronomer physicist

Z

Zdeňka Vávrová

1945 · Czech Republic

Czech astronomer

astronomer