Historians

A

Aelian

200 – 235 · Ancient Rome

Roman author and teacher (c.175–c.235)

historian

A

Ammianus Marcellinus

330 – 395 · Ancient Rome

4th-century Roman historian and soldier

historian

A

Apollodorus of Athens

179 – 119 · Classical Athens

ancient Greek grammarian and historian

historian philosopher

A

Appian

95 – 165 · Ancient Rome

Greco-Roman historian (c. 95 – c.165)

historian

A

Arrian

95 – 180 · Ancient Rome

2nd century Greek historian, official and philosopher

historian philosopher

A

Augustine of Hippo

354 – 430 · Ancient Rome

Christian theologian, philosopher, and saint (354–430)

historian philosopher

A

Aurelius Victor

320 – 390 · Ancient Rome

4th century Roman historian and politician

historian

B

Ban Gu

32 – 92 · Eastern Han

Chinese historian, politician and poet (AD 32–92)

historian

B

Ban Zhao

45 – 116 · Eastern Han

late 1st/early 2nd century Chinese historian, philosopher and scholar

historian philosopher

B

Berossus

400 – 300 · Achaemenid Empire

3rd-century BC Babylonian writer, priest and astronomer

astronomer historian

C

Callisthenes

359 – 326

Greek historian (c. 360–327 BC)

historian

C

Cassiodorus

487 – 583 · Ostrogothic Kingdom

6th-century Roman senator and scholar

historian philosopher

C

Cassius Dio

150 – 235 · Ancient Rome

Greco-Roman statesman and historian (c. 155–c. 235)

historian

C

Cato the Elder

233 – 148 · Ancient Rome

Roman politician, soldier and writer (234–149 BC)

economist historian philosopher

C

Claudius

9 – 54 · Ancient Rome

fourth Roman emperor (41–54)

historian

C

Cornelius Nepos

99 – 24 · Ancient Rome

Roman historian and biographer (c.110 BC–c.25 BC)

historian

C

Craterus

369 – 320 · Macedonia

Macedonian general under Alexander the Great

historian

D

Diodorus Siculus

89 – 19 · Agyrion

1st-century BC Greek historian

historian

D

Dionysius of Halicarnassus

59 – 6

1st-century BC Greek historian and teacher

historian

E

Ennius

238 – 168 · Ancient Rome

Roman writer and poet (c. 239 – c. 169 BC)

historian

E

Ephorus

399 – 329

Greek historian (c. 400 – 330 BC)

historian

E

Eratosthenes

275 – 193

Greek mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, librarian and music theorist

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher

E

Eudemus of Rhodes

349 – 289 · Rhodes

ancient Greek philosopher

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher

E

Euhemerus

400 – 300

ancient Greek philosopher

historian philosopher

E

Eunapius

349 – 420 · Ancient Rome

ancient Greek sophist and historian

historian philosopher

E

Eusebius of Caesarea

265 – 340 · Ancient Rome

Greek Christian scholar, c.260-c.340

historian

F

Faxian

340 – 422 · Liu Song dynasty

Chinese Buddhist monk (bhikkhu), pilgrim to India, and travelogue author during the...

historian

G

Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus

100 – 100 · Ancient Rome

Gallo-Roman historian who flourished during the reign of the emperor Augustus

historian

H

Hellanicus of Mytilene

489 – 404

5th century BC Greek logographer

historian

H

Herodian

170 – 250 · Ancient Rome

Greco-Roman official and historian (c.170–c.240)

historian

H

Herodotus

483 – 424 · Halicarnassus

Greek historian and geographer (c.484–c.425 BC)

historian

J

Jerome

345 – 420 · Ancient Rome

4th and 5th-century Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint and Doctor of the Church

historian

J

John Malalas

491 – 578 · Byzantine Empire

6th-century Byzantine Greek chronicler

historian

J

Jordanes

490 · Byzantine Empire

Late Roman historian and writer, author of Getica

historian

J

Josephus

37 – 100 · Ancient Rome

Roman–Jewish historian and military leader (c. 37–c. 100)

historian

J

Juba II

47 – 23 · Ancient Rome

crown prince of Numidia and King of Mauretania (c. 48 BC - AD 23)

historian

J

Julius Caesar

99 – 43 · Ancient Rome

Roman general and dictator

historian

J

Justin

101 · Ancient Rome

Roman historian, 2nd century

historian

J

Juvenal

55 – 200 · Ancient Rome

early 2nd century Roman poet

historian

L

Lucan

39 – 65 · Ancient Rome

Roman poet (39–65)

historian

M

Manetho

201 · Ancient Egypt

3rd-century BC Egyptian historian and priest

historian

M

Marcus Terentius Varro

115 – 26 · Ancient Rome

Roman scholar, polymath and author (116–27 BC)

historian philosopher

M

Marcus Velleius Paterculus

18 – 31 · Ancient Rome

Roman historian, soldier and senator (c.19 BC - c. AD 31)

historian

M

Megasthenes

350 – 290 · Seleucid Empire

ancient Greek ethnographer and explorer

historian

M

Moses of Chorene

410 – 490 · Kingdom of Armenia

5th-century Armenian historian

historian

N

Nearchus

355 – 299 · Macedonia

admiral of Alexander the Great

historian

N

Nicolaus of Damascus

63 – 4 · Seleucid Empire

1st-century BC historian and philosopher

historian philosopher

O

Orosius

385 – 418 · Ancient Rome

Roman historian and theologian (c.375/385 – c.420 AD)

historian

P

Philo of Alexandria

14 – 50 · Ancient Rome

Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria (c. 20 BCE-c. 50 CE)

historian philosopher

P

Pliny the Elder

20 – 79 · Ancient Rome

Roman military commander and writer (AD23/24–79)

historian philosopher

P

Pliny the Younger

61 – 113 · Ancient Rome

Roman lawyer, author and magistrate (61 – c.113)

historian

P

Plutarch

40 – 120 · Ancient Rome

Greek philosopher and historian (c. AD 46 – after AD 119)

historian philosopher

P

Polyaenus

101 – 200 · Ancient Rome

2nd-century Greek author and rhetorician

historian

P

Polybius

199 – 119 · Achaean League

ancient Greek historian

historian

P

Pomponius Mela

15 – 100 · Ancient Rome

Roman geographer of the first century

historian

P

Porphyry

233 – 301 · Ancient Rome

3rd-century Greek Neoplatonist philosopher

historian philosopher

P

Posidonius

134 – 50

Greek Stoic philosopher (c.135 – c.51 BC)

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher physicist

P

Priscus

410 – 471 · Byzantine Empire

5th-century diplomat, historian and orator

historian

P

Ptolemy I Soter

365 – 285 · Ptolemaic Kingdom

Macedonian general, ruler of Egypt

historian

S

Sallust

85 – 34 · Ancient Rome

Roman historian and politician (86 BC - c. 35 BC)

historian

S

Seneca the Elder

53 – 39 · Ancient Rome

Roman scholar, writer and historian (54 BC-c.39 AD)

historian philosopher

S

Sextus Julius Africanus

160 – 240 · Ancient Rome

Greco-Roman Christian traveller and historian (c.160–c.240)

historian philosopher

S

Silius Italicus

26 – 101 · Ancient Rome

1st-century AD Roman senator, orator and poet (26–101)

historian

S

Sima Qian

144 – 85 · Western Han

2nd-century BCE Chinese historian and writer

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher

S

Socrates of Constantinople

380 – 440 · Byzantine Empire

5th century Greek Christian church historian

historian

S

Sozomen

400 – 450 · Byzantine Empire

Byzantine historian

historian

S

Strabo

62 – 23

Greek geographer, philosopher and historian (64/63 BC–c.24 AD)

historian philosopher

S

Suetonius

70 – 126 · Ancient Rome

late 1st/early 2nd-century Roman historian

historian

S

Sulpicius Severus

360 – 420 · Ancient Rome

Christian writer and historian and native of Aquitania (c. 363 – c. 425)

historian

T

Tacitus

55 – 120 · Ancient Rome

Roman historian and senator (c. 56 – c. 120)

historian

T

Theodoret

393 – 466

5th century Byzantine theologian and bishop

historian

T

Theopompus

377 – 314

Greek historian and rhetorician (c.380–c.315 BC)

historian

T

Thucydides

460 – 394 · Classical Athens

5th-century BC Athenian historian and general

historian

T

Titus Livius

58 – 17 · Ancient Rome

Roman historian (59 BC – AD 17)

historian

T

Titus Pomponius Atticus

109 – 31 · Ancient Rome

Roman banker, writer and philosopher (c.110 BC – 32 BC)

historian philosopher

V

Valerius Maximus

100 – 100 · Ancient Rome

early 1st century AD Roman professional rhetorician, historian and author

historian

V

Vegetius

400 – 450 · Ancient Rome

writer of the Later Roman Empire

historian physician

X

Xenophon

429 – 353 · Classical Athens

Greek philosopher, historian, soldier (c. 430–355/354 BC)

historian philosopher

Z

Zosimus

460 – 520 · Byzantine Empire

late 5th/early 6th century Byzantine historian

historian

A

Abbot Suger

1080 – 1151 · Kingdom of France

French abbot-statesmen, historian and the influential first patron of Gothic...

historian

A

Abd Allah ibn Abbas

619 – 688 · Rashidun Caliphate

7th-century Islamic scholar

historian

A

Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi al-Hasani as-Sabti

1110 – 1166

andalusian geographer (1100–1165)

historian

A

Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani

897 – 967 · Abbasid Caliphate

Arab historian, writer, poet and musicologist (897–967)

historian

A

Abulfeda

1273 – 1331

geographer and leader (1273–1331)

astronomer historian

A

Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī

828 – 895 · Abbasid Caliphate

Persian Islamic polymath (died 895)

astronomer historian mathematician

A

Adam of Bremen

1100 – 1085 · Germany

11th-century German historian and chronicler

historian

A

Agathias

536 · Byzantine Empire

Byzantine poet and historian

historian

A

Ahmad ibn Hanbal

780 – 855

Muslim jurist and theologian (780–855)

historian

A

Al-Bakri

1014 – 1094 · Taifa of Córdoba

Arab Andalusian geographer and historian (c. 1040–1094)

historian

A

Al-Baladhuri

820 – 892 · Abbasid Caliphate

Abbasid-era Muslim historian (820-892)

historian

A

Al-Biruni

973 – 1048 · Samanid Empire

11th-century Persian scholar and polymath (973–1048)

astronomer chemist historian linguist mathematician philosopher physicist

A

Al-Dhahabi

1274 – 1348

Syrian Islamic historian and Hadith scholar (1274–1348)

historian

A

Al-Jahiz

775 – 869

Arabic writer (776–869)

biologist historian

A

Al-Mas'udi

896 – 957 · Abbasid Caliphate

10th-century Arab historian, geographer, and traveller

historian

A

Alfonso X of Castile and Leon

1221 – 1284 · Crown of Castile

King of Castile from 1252 to 1284

astronomer historian

A

Anania Shirakatsi

610 – 685

Armenian scientist

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher

A

Anna Komnene

1083 – 1154 · Byzantine Empire

Byzantine princess and historian

historian

A

Ari Þorgilsson

1067 – 1148 · Iceland

Icelandic writer

historian

A

Ata-Malik Juvayni

1226 – 1283

Iranian historian

historian

B

Bar Hebraeus

1226 – 1286

Primate of Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch (1226–1286)

historian philosopher

B

Bede

672 – 735 · Kingdom of Northumbria

Anglo-Saxon monk, writer and saint (672/3–735)

historian

C

Ciriaco de' Pizzicolli

1391 – 1452 · Republic of Ancona

15th-century Italian humanist and antiquarian

historian

C

Cosmas of Prague

1045 – 1125 · Kingdom of Bohemia

Bohemian priest (c.1045–1125)

historian

C

Ctesias

500 – 400

ancient Greek historian

historian physician

E

Einhard

774 – 840

Frankish scholar and courtier (c. 775 – 840)

historian

G

Geoffrey of Monmouth

1100 – 1155 · Kingdom of Glywysing

Historian and Bishop of St Asaph, Wales (c.1095–1155)

historian

G

Geoffrey of Villehardouin

1148 – 1213 · Kingdom of France

knight and historian

historian

G

George Akropolites

1217 – 1282 · Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Greek historian, diplomat (1217–1282)

historian

G

Georgios Kedrenos

1100 – 1100 · Byzantine Empire

Byzantine historian (11th century)

historian

G

Georgios Syncellus

800 – 810 · Byzantine Empire

9th century Byzantine historian, philosopher and writer

historian philosopher

G

Gerald of Wales

1146 – 1220 · Wales

medieval clergyman and historian

historian

G

Gildas

500 – 570 · Kingdom of Strathclyde

6th-century British monk, writer and saint

historian

G

Giovanni da Pian del Carpine

1182 – 1252

Roman Catholic archbishop and traveller (1182–1252)

historian

G

Gregory of Tours

538 – 594

Gallo-Roman historian and Bishop of Tours

historian

H

Han Yu

768 – 824 · Tang dynasty

Chinese historian, poet, philosopher and politician (768–824)

historian philosopher

H

Hecataeus of Miletus

600 – 474 · Miletus

Greek historian and geographer (c.550–c.476 BC)

historian

H

Hunayn ibn Ishaq

808 – 873 · Abbasid Caliphate

Arab Christian scholar, physician and scientist (809–873)

historian philosopher physician

I

Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani

1372 – 1449

Egyptian Islamic scholar (1372–1449)

historian

I

Ibn Hazm

994 – 1064

Andalusian Muslim polymath, historian, jurist, philosopher and theologian (994–1064)

historian philosopher

I

Ibn Hišām

701 – 828

Muslim scholar and historian (died 833)

historian

I

Ibn Ishaq

704 – 768

Arab hagiographer and historian (704–767)

historian

I

Ibn Kathir

1301 – 1373

Syrian Islamic historian, exegete and scholar (c.1300–1373)

historian

I

Ibn Khaldun

1332 – 1406

Arab historiographer and historian

economist historian philosopher sociologist

I

Ibn Khordadbeh

820 – 912 · Abbasid Caliphate

Persian geographer and official (died 913)

historian

I

Ibn Miskawayh

932 – 1030 · Buyid dynasty

Persian philosopher and historian ( 932–1030)

historian philosopher

I

Ibn al-Athir

1160 – 1233

Islamic historian, theologian and geographer (1160–1232/3)

historian

I

Isidore of Seville

560 – 636 · Kingdom of Toledo

Hispano-Roman scholar, theologian and bishop (c. 560–636)

historian philosopher

J

Jean Froissart

1337 – 1410 · Kingdom of France

French writer

historian

J

John Skylitzes

1040 – 1110 · Byzantine Empire

Greek historian (early 1040s – after 1101)

historian

J

John VI Kantakouzenos

1292 – 1383 · Byzantine Empire

Byzantine emperor from 1347 to 1354 (1292–1383)

historian

J

John Zonaras

1074 – 1145 · Byzantine Empire

12th century Byzantine chronicler and theologian

historian

K

Konstantinos VII

905 – 959 · Byzantine Empire

Byzantine emperor

historian

L

Leonardo Bruni

1370 – 1444 · Republic of Florence

Italian humanist historian (c. 1370–1444)

historian philosopher

L

Lu You

1125 – 1210 · Southern Song dynasty

Chinese historian and poet (1125–1210)

historian

M

Michael Psellos

1018 – 1078 · Byzantine Empire

11th-century Byzantine monk, writer and court official

astronomer historian philosopher physician

M

Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari

839 – 922 · Abbasid Caliphate

Iranian scholar, historian and commentator on the Qur'an (839–923)

historian philosopher

M

Muḥammad ibn Ismaeel al-Bukhārī

810 – 870 · Abbasid Caliphate

Persian Islamic scholar (810-870)

historian

M

Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

780 – 850

9th-century Persian mathematician and astronomer

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher

N

Nestor the Chronicler

1056 – 1114 · Kievan Rus'

Saint and chronicler of Kievan Rus'

historian

N

Nicephorus Gregoras

1295 – 1360 · Byzantine Empire

Byzantine astronomer and scholar

astronomer historian philosopher

N

Nikephoros I of Constantinople

758 – 828 · Byzantine Empire

patriarch of Constantinople

historian

N

Niketas Choniates

1155 – 1217 · Byzantine Empire

Greek historian (1155-1217)

historian

O

Orderic Vitalis

1075 – 1142 · Duchy of Normandy

English monk and historian (1075 – c. 1142)

historian

O

Otto of Freising

1111 – 1158 · Germany

Austrian medieval chronicler

historian

O

Ouyang Xiu

1007 – 1072 · Northern Song dynasty

Chinese poet, historian and statesman (1007–1072)

historian philosopher

P

Paul the Deacon

720 – 799 · Kingdom of the Lombards

8th century Benedictine monk, scribe and historian

historian

P

Poggio Bracciolini

1380 – 1459 · Papal States

Italian scholar, writer and humanist (1380–1459)

historian philosopher

P

Procopius

500 – 565 · Byzantine Empire

6th-century historian

historian

P

Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite

500 – 600 · Byzantine Empire

Greek philosopher

historian philosopher

R

Rashid-al-Din Hamadani

1247 – 1318 · Ilkhanate

Persian physician and historian (1247-1318)

historian physician

S

Saxo Grammaticus

1150 – 1220 · Kingdom of Denmark

Danish historian

historian

S

Sei Shōnagon

966 – 1025 · Japan

Japanese author and court lady

historian

S

Sima Guang

1019 – 1086 · Song dynasty

Chinese politician, writer, and historian during the Northern Song dynasty (1019–1086)

historian

S

Snorri Sturluson

1179 – 1241 · Icelandic Commonwealth

Icelandic historian, poet and politician (AD 1179–1241)

historian

S

Su Shi

1037 – 1101 · Northern Song dynasty

Chinese writer and politician (1037–1101)

historian philosopher

T

Theophanes the Confessor

759 – 817 · Byzantine Empire

Byzantine aristocrat, monk and historian (c.758/60–c.817/8)

historian

T

Theophylact Simocatta

580 – 630 · Byzantine Empire

early 7th-century Byzantine historian

historian

T

Thietmar of Merseburg

975 – 1019 · Germany

German bishop and historian (975–1018)

historian

W

Wace

1100 – 1175 · Duchy of Normandy

12th-century Norman poet and chronicler

historian

W

William of Malmesbury

1095 – 1143 · Kingdom of England

English monk and chronicler (c.1095 – c.1143)

historian

W

William of Tyre

1130 – 1186 · Kingdom of France

medieval prelate and chronicler, archbishop of Tyre

historian

Y

Yaqut al-Hamawi

1178 – 1229

Arab bibliographer and geographer (1179–1229)

historian

Z

Zhu Xi

1130 – 1200 · Song dynasty

Chinese historian, neo-Confucian philosopher, poet, and politician during the Song...

historian philosopher

a

al-Yaʿqubi

801 – 905 · Abbasid Caliphate

9th-century Arab geographer and historian

historian mathematician

A

Abraham Ortelius

1527 – 1598 · Spanish Netherlands

Flemish cartographer, geographer and cosmographer (1527–1598)

historian

A

Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak

1551 – 1602 · Mughal Empire

Grand vizier of Mughal emperor Akbar from 1579 to 1602

historian

A

Alexandre de Rhodes

1591 – 1660 · Comtat Venaissin

Jesuit missionary from Avignon and Rome (1593-1660)

historian linguist

B

Bartolomé de Las Casas

1484 – 1566 · Spain

Spanish Dominican friar, historian, and social reformer (1474–1566)

historian

B

Bernal Díaz del Brawl

1492 – 1584 · New Spain

Spanish conquistador

historian

C

Caesar Baronius

1538 – 1607

Italian cardinal and ecclesiastical historian (1538–1607)

historian

F

Francesco Guicciardini

1483 – 1540 · Republic of Florence

Italian writer, historian and politician (1483-1540)

historian philosopher

F

Francis Bacon

1561 – 1626 · Kingdom of England

English philosopher and statesman (1561–1626)

historian philosopher

G

Galal al-Din el-Suyuti

1445 – 1505 · Medieval Egypt

Egyptian polymath, historian, sufi and jurist (1445–1505)

historian

G

Georgius Agricola

1494 – 1555 · Electorate of Saxony

German mineralogist (1494-1555)

chemist historian philosopher physician

H

Heinrich Bullinger

1504 – 1575 · Switzerland

Swiss reformer (1504–1575)

historian

H

Hugo Grotius

1583 – 1645 · Dutch Republic

Dutch jurist and scholar (1583-1645)

historian philosopher

I

Inca Garcilaso de la Vega

1539 – 1616 · Spanish Empire

Spanish chronicler (1539-1616)

historian

J

James Ussher

1581 – 1656 · Kingdom of Ireland

Archbishop of Armagh (1581-1656)

historian philosopher

J

Jan Długosz

1415 – 1480 · Crown of the Kingdom of Poland

Polish archbishop and historian

historian

J

Jean Bodin

1530 – 1596 · France

French jurist, witchcraft theorist and political philosopher (1529 or 1530–1596)

economist historian philosopher

J

John Amos Comenius

1592 – 1670 · Habsburg monarchy

Czech teacher, educator, philosopher and writer (1592-1670)

historian linguist philosopher

J

Joseph Justus Scaliger

1540 – 1609 · Dutch Republic

French historian (1540-1609)

historian physician

J

Joseph of Anchieta

1534 – 1597 · Spain

Spanish Jesuit missionary (1534-1597)

historian linguist

M

Martin Behaim

1459 – 1507 · Holy Roman Empire

German navigator and geographer to the King of Portugal (1459–1507)

astronomer historian mathematician

N

Niccolò Machiavelli

1469 – 1527 · Republic of Florence

Italian diplomat and political and military theorist (1469–1527)

historian philosopher

N

Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc

1580 – 1637 · Kingdom of France

French astronomer (1580–1637)

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher

O

Olaus Magnus

1490 – 1557 · Sweden

Swedish writer

historian

P

Pietro Bembo

1470 – 1547 · Republic of Venice

Catholic cardinal and poet (1470–1547)

historian

P

Pius II

1405 – 1464 · Holy Roman Empire

pope of the Catholic Church from 1458 to 1464 (1405–1464)

historian

S

Sebastian Brant

1458 – 1521 · Germany

German humanist and satirist

historian philosopher

S

Sophia Brahe

1559 – 1643 · Kingdom of Denmark

Danish horticulturalist

astronomer historian

T

Theodore Beza

1519 – 1605 · Republic of Geneva

French Reformed Protestant theologian, reformer and scholar (1519-1605)

historian

T

Thomas Hobbes

1588 – 1679 · Kingdom of England

English philosopher (1588–1679)

economist historian mathematician philosopher

T

Thomas More

1478 – 1535 · Kingdom of England

English statesman, lawyer and philosopher (1478–1535)

historian philosopher

T

Tirso de Molina

1583 – 1648 · Spain

Spanish writer (c. 1583-c.1648)

historian

T

Torquato Tasso

1544 – 1595 · Kingdom of Italy

Italian poet (1544–1595)

historian

V

Vincenzo Scamozzi

1548 – 1616 · Republic of Venice

16th century Italian architect (1548–1616)

historian

Á

Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

1507 – 1559 · Spain

Spanish explorer of the New World

historian

A

Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur

1603 – 1664 · Khanate of Khiva

Khan of Khiva from 1643 to 1663

historian

A

Adam Ferguson

1723 – 1816 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Scottish philosopher and historian; (1723-1816)

economist historian philosopher sociologist

A

Adolphe Thiers

1797 – 1877 · France

President of France from 1871 to 1873 (1797-1877)

historian

A

Alexander Pushkin

1799 – 1837 · Russian Empire

Russian poet, playwright, and novelist (1799–1837)

historian

A

Alphonse de Lamartine

1790 – 1869 · France

French author, poet and statesman (1790-1869)

historian

A

Andrés Bello

1781 – 1865 · Venezuela

Venezuelan humanist, diplomat, poet, legislator, philosopher, educator and philologist...

historian philosopher

A

Anna Maria van Schurman

1607 – 1678 · Dutch Republic

artist, scientist and philosopher from the Northern Netherlands (1607-1678)

historian philosopher

A

Antoine François Prévost

1697 – 1763 · France

French novelist (1697–1763)

historian

A

Athanasius Kircher

1602 – 1680 · Holy Roman Empire

German Jesuit scholar (1601 or 1602-1680)

astronomer biologist historian linguist mathematician philosopher physicist

A

August von Kotzebue

1761 – 1819 · Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

German dramatist and writer (1761–1819)

historian

B

Barthold Georg Niebuhr

1776 – 1831 · Kingdom of Denmark

Danish-German statesman and historian (1776–1831)

economist historian

B

Benedict XIV

1675 – 1758 · Papal States

pope of the Catholic Church from 1740 to 1758

historian

B

Bernard Bolzano

1781 – 1848 · Kingdom of Bohemia

Bohemian mathematician and priest (1781–1848)

historian mathematician philosopher

C

Carl Peter Thunberg

1743 – 1828 · Sweden

Swedish naturalist (1743-1828)

historian philosopher physician

C

Carl von Clausewitz

1780 – 1831 · Kingdom of Prussia

German-Prussian general and military theorist

historian philosopher

C

Charles James Fox

1749 – 1806 · Kingdom of Great Britain

British Whig statesman (1749–1806)

historian

C

Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon

1760 – 1826 · France

French early socialist theorist (1760-1825)

economist historian philosopher sociologist

C

Cotton Mather

1663 – 1728 · Kingdom of Great Britain

American religious minister and scientific writer (1663–1728)

historian

D

David Hume

1711 – 1776 · Kingdom of Great Britain

Scottish philosopher, economist, and historian (1711-1776)

economist historian philosopher

D

Denis Diderot

1713 – 1784 · Kingdom of France

French Enlightenment philosopher writer and encyclopædist (1713–1784)

historian philosopher

D

Dimitrie Cantemir

1674 – 1723 · Principality of Moldavia

Prince of Moldavia

historian linguist philosopher

E

Edward Gibbon

1737 – 1794 · Kingdom of Great Britain

English historian and politician (1737–1794)

historian

E

Ernst Moritz Arndt

1769 – 1860 · Kingdom of Prussia

German historian, writer and politician (1769-1860)

historian linguist

E

Evliya Çelebi

1611 – 1682 · Ottoman Empire

Turkish traveler and writer (1611–1682)

historian

F

Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Berdejo

1787 – 1862 · Spain

Spanish dramatist and politician (1787-1862)

historian

F

František Palacký

1798 – 1876 · Austrian Empire

Czech philosopher, historian, publicist and writer (1798-1876)

historian linguist philosopher

F

François Guizot

1787 – 1874 · France

French historian, orator and statesman (1787–1874)

historian

F

François-Auguste-René de Chateaubriand

1768 – 1848 · France

French writer, politician and historian (1768–1848)

historian

F

Friedrich Schiller

1759 – 1805 · Duchy of Württemberg

German playwright, poet, philosopher and historian (1759–1805)

historian philosopher physician

F

Friedrich Schlegel

1772 – 1829 · Electorate of Hanover

German poet, critic and scholar, editor

historian philosopher

G

Georg Friedrich Grotefend

1775 – 1853 · Kingdom of Hanover

German epigraphist and philologist

historian linguist

G

Giambattista Vico

1668 – 1744 · Kingdom of Naples

Italian philosopher, rhetorician, historian and jurist

historian philosopher sociologist

G

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

1646 – 1716 · Electorate of Saxony

German mathematician and philosopher (1646–1716)

historian mathematician philosopher physicist

H

Hyacinth

1777 – 1853 · Russian Empire

Russian sinologist, historian, and missionary (1777–1853)

historian

J

Jacob Grimm

1785 – 1863 · Electorate of Hesse

German philologist, linguist, jurist and mythologist (1785–1863)

historian linguist

J

Jacques Bénigne Bossuet

1627 – 1704 · France

French bishop and theologian (1627-1704)

historian philosopher

J

James Bruce

1730 – 1794 · Kingdom of Great Britain

Scottish explorer and botanist (1730–1794)

astronomer historian linguist

J

James Mill

1773 – 1836 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Scottish historian, economist, political theorist and philosopher (1773-1836)

economist historian linguist philosopher

J

Jan Potocki

1761 – 1815 · Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Polish nobleman, writer (creating in French), traveler, politician and historian (1761-1815)

historian

J

Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi

1773 – 1842 · Republic of Geneva

Swiss economist and historian (1773-1842)

economist historian

J

Jean Racine

1639 – 1699 · Kingdom of France

French dramatist (1639-1699)

historian

J

Jean-Baptiste Joseph Delambre

1749 – 1822 · France

French mathematician and astronomer

astronomer historian

J

Johan Rudolph Thorbecke

1798 – 1872 · Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands

Dutch statesman (1798-1872)

historian

J

Johann Christoph Adelung

1732 – 1806 · Kingdom of Prussia

German philologist, linguist (1732-1806)

historian linguist

J

Johann Joachim Winckelmann

1717 – 1768 · Kingdom of Prussia

German art historian and archaeologist, and conservator of the Vatican Library (1717–1768)

historian

J

Josef Dobrovský

1753 – 1829 · Margraviate of Moravia

Czech historian, lexicographer, linguist, literature historian, religion writer,...

historian linguist

J

Joseph de Maistre

1753 – 1821 · Kingdom of Sardinia

Savoyard philosopher, writer, lawyer, and diplomat (1753-1821)

historian philosopher

J

Jules Michelet

1798 – 1874 · France

French historian; popularized the historical concept of the Renaissance

historian philosopher

J

Ján Kollár

1793 – 1852 · Austrian Empire

Slovak author writing in Czech (1793–1852)

historian linguist philosopher

K

Kâtip Çelebi

1609 – 1657 · Ottoman Empire

Ottoman bibliographer, historian and geographer

economist historian

L

Leopold von Ranke

1795 – 1886 · Kingdom of Prussia

German historian and founder of modern source-based history (1795-1886)

historian

L

Louis Bonaparte

1778 – 1846 · France

king of Holland, brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, member of the House of Buonaparte (1778-1846)

historian

L

Ludvig Holberg

1684 – 1754 · Kingdom of Denmark

Danish-Norwegian writer, philosopher and historian (1684–1754)

historian philosopher

M

Madame de Lafayette

1634 – 1693 · France

French writer (1634-1693)

historian

M

Mary Wollstonecraft

1759 – 1797 · Kingdom of Great Britain

English writer and intellectual (1759–1797)

historian philosopher

M

Mikhail Lomonosov

1711 – 1765 · Russian Empire

Russian polymath (1711-1765)

astronomer chemist historian linguist mathematician philosopher physicist

M

Mirza Ghalib

1797 – 1869 · British Raj

Indian poet (1797-1869)

historian

M

Montesquieu

1689 – 1755 · Kingdom of France

French philosopher (1689–1755)

historian philosopher sociologist

N

Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux

1636 – 1711 · France

French poet and critic (1636–1711)

historian

N

Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig

1783 – 1872 · Kingdom of Denmark

Danish Lutheran pastor, theologian, hymn-writer and educator (1783-1872)

historian philosopher

N

Nikolay Karamzin

1766 – 1826 · Russian Empire

Russian writer, poet, critic

historian linguist

P

Pavel Jozef Šafárik

1795 – 1861 · Austrian Empire

Slovak poet, linguist, literature historian, publicist, educator, publicist,...

historian linguist philosopher

P

Pierre Bayle

1647 – 1706 · France

French philosopher and writer (1647–1706)

historian philosopher

R

Robert Southey

1774 – 1843 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English romantic poet (1774–1843)

historian

R

Ruđer Josip Bošković

1711 – 1787 · Republic of Ragusa

Croat physicist (1711–1787)

astronomer historian mathematician philosopher physicist

S

Samuel von Pufendorf

1632 – 1694 · Electorate of Saxony

German philosopher (1632–1694)

economist historian philosopher

T

Thomas Carlyle

1795 – 1881 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher (1795–1881)

historian linguist mathematician philosopher

T

Thomas Gray

1716 – 1771 · Kingdom of Great Britain

English poet and classical scholar (1716–1771)

historian

T

Tobias Smollett

1721 – 1771 · Kingdom of Great Britain

18th-century poet and author from Scotland

historian physician

V

Vasily Tatishchev

1686 – 1750 · Russian Empire

Russian historian (1686-1750)

economist historian

V

Voltaire

1694 – 1778 · Kingdom of France

French writer, historian and philosopher (1694–1778)

historian philosopher

V

Vuk Karadžić

1787 – 1864 · Principality of Serbia

Serbian philologist and linguist

historian linguist

W

Walter Scott

1771 – 1832 · Kingdom of Great Britain

Scottish novelist, poet and playwright (1771–1832)

historian linguist

W

Washington Irving

1783 – 1859 · United States

American writer, historian and diplomat (1783-1859)

historian

W

Wilhelm von Humboldt

1767 – 1835 · Kingdom of Prussia

Prussian philosopher, government official, diplomat, and educator (1767–1835)

historian linguist philosopher

W

William Whewell

1794 – 1866 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English philosopher and historian of science (1794–1866)

astronomer economist historian mathematician philosopher physicist

A

Agnes Arber

1879 – 1960 · United Kingdom

British botanist (1879-1960)

historian

A

Alexander Afanasyev

1826 – 1871 · Russian Empire

Russian folklorist, collector of folk tales (1826-1871)

historian linguist

A

Alexander Cunningham

1814 – 1893 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British army engineer and amateur archaeologist (1814-1893)

historian

A

Alexis de Tocqueville

1805 – 1859 · France

French political thinker and historian, minister of Foreign Affairs (1805-1859)

historian philosopher sociologist

A

Alfred Thayer Maan

1840 – 1914 · United States

United States Navy admiral and historian (1840–1914)

historian

A

Alois Jirásek

1851 – 1930 · Czechoslovakia

Czech writer (1851–1930)

historian

A

Andrew Lang

1844 – 1912 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Scottish poet, novelist and literary critic (1844–1912)

historian

A

André Maurois

1885 – 1967 · France

French author (1885–1967)

historian philosopher

A

Antonio Cánovas del Castillo

1828 – 1897 · Spain

Spanish politician and Bourbon Restoration architect (1828–1897)

historian

A

Antonio Gramsci

1891 – 1937 · Kingdom of Italy

Italian Marxist philosopher, writer, and politician (1891–1937)

economist historian philosopher sociologist

A

Arnold J. Toynbee

1889 – 1975 · United Kingdom

British historian (1889–1975)

historian philosopher

A

Arthur Conan Doyle

1859 – 1930 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British writer and physician (1859–1930)

historian physician

A

Austen Henry Layard

1817 – 1894 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British politician (1817–1894)

historian

B

B. H. Liddell Hart

1895 – 1970 · United Kingdom

British historian and theoretician of war (1895-1970)

historian

B

B. R. Ambedkar

1891 – 1956 · British Raj

Indian polymath, philosopher, and social reformer (1891–1956)

economist historian philosopher sociologist

B

Bartolomé Mitre

1821 – 1906 · Argentina

President of Argentina (1821-1906)

historian linguist

B

Beatrice Webb

1858 – 1943 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English sociologist, economist, socialist, and social reformer (1858–1943)

economist historian sociologist

B

Bedřich Hrozný

1879 – 1952 · Czechoslovakia

Czech archeologist, linguist and orientalist (1879-1952)

historian

B

Benedetto Croce

1866 – 1952 · Kingdom of Italy

Italian philosopher (1866-1952)

historian philosopher

C

Carl Sandburg

1878 – 1967 · United States

American writer and editor (1878–1967)

historian

C

Charles Kingsley

1819 – 1875 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British clergyman, historian and novelist (1819–1875)

historian

C

Charles-Augustin Sainte-Beuve

1804 – 1869 · France

French literary critic (1804–1869)

historian

C

Christian Lous Lange

1869 – 1938 · Norway

Norwegian diplomat and Nobel Peace Prize recipient (1869-1938)

historian

D

Dimitrios Vikelas

1835 – 1908 · Greece

Greek businessman and writer; president of the International Olympic Committee (1835-1908)

historian

D

Domingo Faustino Sarmiento

1811 – 1888 · Argentina

Argentinian politician and writer (1811-1888)

historian

D

Douglas Hyde

1860 – 1949 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

first President of Ireland; historian, poet, and folklorist (1860-1949)

historian linguist

E

E. H. Carr

1892 – 1982 · United Kingdom

British historian, journalist, diplomat and political scientist (1892–1982)

historian

E

E. M. Forster

1879 – 1970 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English novelist (1879-1970)

historian

E

Edmond de Goncourt

1822 – 1896 · France

French writer and critic (1822–1896)

historian

E

Eduard Bernstein

1850 – 1932 · German Empire

German politician and theorist (1850–1932)

economist historian philosopher

E

Erich Raeder

1876 – 1960 · Germany

German admiral (1876–1960)

historian

E

Ernest Renan

1823 – 1892 · France

French philosopher and writer (1823–1892)

historian philosopher

F

Fan S. Noli

1882 – 1965 · Ottoman Empire

Albanian politician (1882-1965)

historian linguist

F

Flinders Petrie

1853 – 1942 · United Kingdom

British Egyptologist (1853–1942)

historian

F

Francesco Saverio Nitti

1868 – 1953 · Kingdom of Italy

Italian economist and political figure (1868–1953)

economist historian

F

Franz Mehring

1846 – 1919 · Germany

German communist historian, philosopher, and politician (1846–1919)

historian

F

Frederick Jackson Turner

1861 – 1932 · United States

American historian (1861-1932)

historian

F

Friedrich Engels

1820 – 1895 · Kingdom of Prussia

German philosopher, sociologist and economist (1820–1895)

economist historian philosopher sociologist

F

Friedrich Hayek

1899 – 1992 · United Kingdom

Austrian and British economist (1899–1992)

economist historian philosopher

F

Friedrich Kellner

1885 – 1970 · Germany

German Justice inspector (1885-1970)

historian

G

G. K. Chesterton

1874 – 1936 · United Kingdom

English author and Christian apologist (1874–1936)

historian philosopher

G

Georgi Plekhanov

1856 – 1918 · Russian Empire

Russian philosopher (1856–1918)

economist historian philosopher sociologist

G

Gertrude Bell

1868 – 1926 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British traveller, writer, mountaineer, politician, archaeologist and spy (1868–1926)

historian linguist

G

Guo Moruo

1892 – 1978 · Republic of China

Chinese writer (1892-1978)

historian

H

H. G. Wells

1866 – 1946 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English writer (1866–1946)

historian sociologist

H

H. L. Mencken

1880 – 1956 · United States

American journalist and writer (1880–1956)

historian linguist

H

Harriet Martineau

1802 – 1876 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English writer and sociologist (1802–1876)

economist historian linguist philosopher sociologist

H

Harry Houdini

1874 – 1926 · Austria–Hungary

Hungarian-born American illusionist, escapologist, and stunt performer (1874–1926)

historian philosopher

H

Heinrich Barth

1821 – 1865 · Kingdom of Prussia

German explorer (1821-1865)

historian

H

Helmuth von Moltke the Elder

1800 – 1891 · Kingdom of Prussia

German Field Marshal (1800–1891)

historian

H

Henri Barbusse

1873 – 1935 · France

French author (1873-1935)

historian

H

Henri Pirenne

1862 – 1935 · Belgium

Belgian historian (1862-1935)

historian

H

Henrik Wergeland

1808 – 1845 · Norway

Norwegian writer (1808–1845)

historian

H

Henry Adams

1838 – 1918 · United States

American journalist, historian, academic, novelist (1838-1918)

historian mathematician

H

Henry Wilson

1812 – 1875 · United States

vice president of the United States from 1873 to 1875

historian

H

Hilaire Belloc

1870 – 1953 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

French-English writer (1870–1953)

historian

H

Hippolyte Taine

1828 – 1893 · France

French literary critic and historian (1828-1893)

historian philosopher

H

Hiram Bingham III

1875 – 1956 · United States

American academic, explorer, treasure hunter and politician (1875–1956)

historian

H

Huang Xianfan

1899 – 1982 · Qing dynasty

Chinese historian, ethnologist and educator (1899-1982)

historian

I

Ilia Chavchavadze

1837 – 1907

Georgian public figure and writer; a saint of Georgian Orthodox Church (1837-1907)

historian philosopher

I

Ivan Vazov

1850 – 1921 · Bulgaria

Bulgarian writer and poet (1850-1921)

historian

J

J. R. R. Tolkien

1892 – 1973 · United Kingdom

English writer and philologist (1892–1973)

historian linguist

J

Jacob Burckhardt

1818 – 1897 · Switzerland

Swiss historian (1818–1897)

historian philosopher

J

James George Frazer

1854 – 1941 · United Kingdom

Scottish social anthropologist (1854–1941)

historian linguist

J

James Henry Breasted

1865 – 1935 · United States

American archaeologist, Egyptologist and historian (1865–1935)

historian

J

Jean Jaurès

1859 – 1914 · France

French / Occitan Socialist leader (1859-1914)

historian

J

Johan Huizinga

1872 – 1945 · Kingdom of the Netherlands

Dutch cultural historian (1872–1945)

historian linguist philosopher

J

Johann Gustav Droysen

1808 – 1884 · Kingdom of Prussia

German historian (1808–1884)

historian philosopher

J

John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton

1834 – 1902 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British politician and historian (1834–1902)

historian philosopher

J

John Hay

1838 – 1905 · United States

American statesman (1838–1905)

historian

J

Jonas Basanavičius

1851 – 1927 · Principality of Bulgaria

Lithuanian activist (1851-1927)

historian linguist physician

J

Jules Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly

1808 – 1889 · France

French writer (1808-1889)

historian

J

Julius Wellhausen

1844 – 1918 · Kingdom of Prussia

German theologian and orientalist (1844–1918)

historian

J

Józef Ignacy Kraszewski

1812 – 1887 · Russian Empire

Polish novelist (1812–1887)

historian linguist

K

Karl Marx

1818 – 1883 · statelessness

German-born philosopher (1818-1883)

economist historian philosopher sociologist

K

Karl Pearson

1857 – 1936 · United Kingdom

English mathematician, biometrician, and eugenicist (1857–1936)

historian mathematician philosopher psychologist

K

Karl Polanyi

1886 – 1964 · Hungary

Hungarian economist, philosopher and historian

economist historian philosopher sociologist

L

Leo Frobenius

1873 – 1938 · German Reich

German ethnologist and archaeologist (1873–1938)

historian

L

Leon Trotsky

1879 – 1940 · Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

Russian Marxist revolutionary (1879–1940)

historian philosopher

L

Leopold von Sacher-Masoch

1836 – 1895 · Austrian Empire

Austrian author (1836–1895)

historian

L

Lester B. Pearson

1897 – 1972 · Canada

14th Prime Minister of Canada, from 1963 to 1968 (1897–1972)

historian

L

Lewis H. Morgan

1818 – 1881 · United States

American anthropologist (1818–1881)

historian sociologist

L

Lewis Mumford

1895 – 1990 · United States

American historian, sociologist, philosopher of technology and literary critic (1895-1990)

historian philosopher sociologist

L

Louis Aragon

1897 – 1982 · France

French poet (1897–1982)

historian

L

Louis Barthou

1862 – 1934 · France

French politician (1862-1934)

historian

L

Louis Blanc

1811 – 1882 · France

French politician and historian (1811-1882)

historian

L

Lucien Febvre

1878 – 1956 · France

French historian (1878-1956)

historian

L

Ludwig Quidde

1858 – 1941 · German Reich

German politician (1858-1941)

historian

M

Marie d'Agoult

1805 – 1876 · France

Franco-German romantic author and historian (1805-1876)

historian

M

Max Weber

1864 – 1920 · North German Confederation

German sociologist, philosopher, and political economist (1864–1920)

economist historian philosopher sociologist

M

Mihail Kogălniceanu

1817 – 1891 · Principality of Moldavia

Romanian statesman, lawyer, historian and publicist (1817–1891)

historian

M

Mykhailo Hrushevskyi

1866 – 1934 · Ukrainian People's Republic

Ukrainian politician and historian (1866–1934)

historian

N

Naim Frashëri

1846 – 1900 · Ottoman Empire

Albanian poet, writer and activist (1846–1900)

historian

N

Nathan Söderblom

1866 – 1931 · Sweden

Swedish clergyman and archbishop (1866–1931)

historian

N

Nicholas Roerich

1874 – 1947 · Russian Empire

Russian painter, writer, archaeologist and philosopher (1874–1947)

historian philosopher

N

Nicolae Iorga

1871 – 1940 · United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia

Romanian historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, poet and playwright (1871-1940)

historian linguist philosopher

N

Nikolai Gogol

1809 – 1852 · Russian Empire

Russian writer of Ukrainian origin (1809–1852)

historian

N

Nikolai Trubetzkoy

1890 – 1938 · Russian Empire

Russian linguist (1890-1938)

historian linguist philosopher

N

Nâmık Kemâl

1840 – 1888 · Ottoman Empire

Ottoman writer (1840-1888)

historian

O

Oscar Montelius

1843 – 1921 · Sweden

Swedish archaeologist (1843-1921)

historian

O

Oswald Spengler

1880 – 1936 · Germany

German historian and philosopher (1880-1936)

historian mathematician philosopher sociologist

P

Paul Vidal de La Blache

1845 – 1918 · France

French geographer

historian

P

Pavel Milyukov

1859 – 1943 · Russian Empire

Russian politician and historian (1859-1943)

historian

P

Pierre Duhem

1861 – 1916 · France

French physicist and historian of science (1861-1916)

chemist historian mathematician philosopher physicist

P

Pierre de Coubertin

1863 – 1937 · France

founder of modern Olympic Games, pedagogue and historian (1863-1937)

historian

P

Prosper Mérimée

1803 – 1870 · France

French writer, archaeologist and historian (1803–1870)

historian

P

Pyotr Lavrov

1823 – 1900 · Russian Empire

Russian academic (1823–1900)

historian mathematician philosopher sociologist

R

R. G. Collingwood

1889 – 1943 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British historian and philosopher (1889–1943)

historian philosopher

R

Ricarda Huch

1864 – 1947 · Germany

German writer (1864–1947)

historian philosopher

R

Richard Francis Burton

1821 – 1890 · United Kingdom

British explorer, army officer, writer and scholar (1821–1890)

historian linguist

R

Romain Rolland

1866 – 1944 · France

French author (1866-1944)

historian

R

Roman Jakobson

1896 – 1982 · Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

Russian linguist (1896–1982)

historian linguist

S

Sadriddin Ayni

1878 – 1954 · Russian Empire

Tajik writer (1878-1954)

historian

S

Saki

1870 – 1916 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British writer

historian

S

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

1888 – 1975 · Dominion of India

2nd President and 1st Vice President of India, Indian philosopher and politician (1888–1975)

historian philosopher

S

Stefan Zweig

1881 – 1942 · Cisleithania

Austrian writer (1881–1942)

historian

T

Theodor Fontane

1819 – 1898 · Kingdom of Prussia

German novelist and poet (1819–1898)

historian

T

Theodor Heuss

1884 – 1963 · Germany

German journalist and politician (1884-1963)

historian

T

Theodor Mommsen

1817 – 1903 · German Reich

German classical scholar and historian (1817–1903)

historian

T

Theodore Roosevelt

1858 – 1919 · United States

26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909 (1858–1919)

historian

T

Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

1800 – 1859 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British historian and politician (1800–1859)

historian

T

Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk

1850 – 1937 · Cisleithania

Czechoslovak politician, statesman, sociologist and philosopher; first Czechoslovak...

historian philosopher sociologist

V

Valery Bryusov

1873 – 1924 · Russian Empire

Russian poet, prose writer, dramatist, translator, critic and historian (1873–1924)

historian philosopher

V

Vasily Klyuchevsky

1841 – 1911 · Russian Empire

Russian historian (1841–1911)

historian

W

W. E. B. Du Bois

1868 – 1963 · Ghana

American sociologist and activist (1868–1963)

economist historian philosopher sociologist

W

Washington Luís

1869 – 1957 · Brazil

President of Brazil from 1926 to 1930

historian

W

Werner Sombart

1863 – 1941 · German Reich

German economist, sociologist, historian (1863-1941)

economist historian sociologist

W

Wilfrid Voynich

1865 – 1930 · United Kingdom

Polish revolutionary, antiquarian, bibliophile, historian and eponym of Voynich...

chemist historian

W

Wilhelm Dilthey

1833 – 1911 · Kingdom of Prussia

German historian, psychologist, sociologist, student of hermeneutics, and philosopher...

historian philosopher psychologist sociologist

W

Wilhelm Windelband

1848 – 1915 · Kingdom of Prussia

German philosopher (1848–1915)

historian philosopher

W

Will Durant

1885 – 1981 · United States

American historian, philosopher and writer (1885-1981)

historian philosopher

W

William James Sidis

1898 – 1944 · United States

American child prodigy (1898-1944)

historian linguist mathematician

W

William Ramsay

1852 – 1916 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Scottish chemist (1852–1916)

chemist historian

W

Winston Churchill

1874 – 1965 · United Kingdom

British statesman, soldier and writer (1874–1965)

historian

W

Woodrow Wilson

1856 – 1924 · United States

president of the United States from 1913 to 1921 (1856–1924)

historian

Y

Yitzhak Ben-Zvi

1884 – 1963 · Israel

2nd President of Israel (1952–1963) - (1884–1963)

historian

Z

Zachris Topelius

1818 – 1898 · Grand Duchy of Finland

Finnish-Swedish author, poet, historian, professor and rector of Helsinki University...

historian

Z

Zora Neale Hurston

1891 – 1960 · United States

African American folklorist, novelist, short story writer, and Civic Rights advocate...

historian

Ľ

Ľudovít Štúr

1815 – 1856 · Austrian Empire

Slovak poet, philosopher, linguist, publicist, politician and writer (1815–1856)

historian linguist philosopher

A

A. J. P. Taylor

1906 – 1990 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

English historian (1906-1990)

historian

A

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

1918 – 2008 · Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

Russian writer, publicist, poet and politician (1918–2008)

historian

A

Alex Haley

1921 – 1992 · Mali

American biographer, screenwriter, and novelist (1921–1992)

historian

A

Alexandre del Valle

1968 · France

French essayist

historian

A

Ali Shariati

1933 – 1977 · Iran

Iranian writer, scholar of Islam, and political activist(1933-1977)

historian sociologist

A

Amin Maalouf

1949 · Lebanon

Francophone Lebanese writer based in Frances

historian

A

Andrey Korotayev

1961 · Soviet Union

Russian anthropologist, economic historian, comparative political scientist, and sociologist

economist historian mathematician philosopher sociologist

A

Anne Applebaum

1964 · United States

American journalist and historian (born 1964)

historian

A

Antony Beevor

1946 · United Kingdom

English military historian

historian

A

Anvar Chingizoghlu

1962 – 2022 · Soviet Union

Azerbaijani historian, journalist and writer

historian

A

Assia Djebar

1936 – 2015 · Algeria

French Algerian writer and film director (1936-2015)

historian linguist

B

Barbara W. Tuchman

1912 – 1989 · United States

American historian and author (1912–1989)

historian

B

Benedict Anderson

1936 – 2015 · Ireland

American political scientist (1936-2015)

historian philosopher

B

Bernard Lewis

1916 – 2018 · United Kingdom

British-American historian (1916–2018)

historian

B

Brian May

1947 · United Kingdom

British musician (born 1947)

historian physicist

C

Carlo Ginzburg

1939 – 2026 · Kingdom of Italy

Italian historian (1939–2026)

historian

C

Chelsea Clinton

1980 · United States

American author and global health advocate

historian

C

Christopher Hill

1912 – 2003 · United Kingdom

British historian (1912–2003)

historian

D

Diogenes Laërtius

· Ancient Rome

3rd-century Roman biographer of Greek philosophers

historian philosopher

D

Donna Haraway

1944 · United States

American philosopher, scholar in the field of science and technology studies

biologist historian philosopher sociologist

D

Douglass North

1920 – 2015 · United States

American economist and Nobel laureate (1920–2015)

economist historian

E

E. P. Thompson

1924 – 1993 · United Kingdom

British historian & peace activist (1924-1993)

historian

E

Eric Hobsbawm

1917 – 2012 · United Kingdom

British academic historian and Marxist historiographer (1917–2012)

historian

E

Eric Voegelin

1901 – 1985 · Germany

American philosopher (1901–1985)

historian sociologist

E

Eutropius

· Ancient Rome

4th century Roman historian and official

historian

F

Fernand Braudel

1902 – 1985 · France

French historian and leader of the Annales School

historian

F

Francis Fukuyama

1952 · United States

American political scientist, political economist, and author

economist historian philosopher

F

Fred Vargas

1957 · France

French writer, archaeologist and historian

historian

G

George Ostrogorsky

1902 – 1976 · Kingdom of Yugoslavia

Russian Byzantinist (1902-1976)

historian

G

Gilles Deleuze

1925 – 1995 · France

French philosopher (1925–1995)

historian philosopher

G

Golo Mann

1909 – 1994 · Germany

German-Swiss historian (1909-1994)

historian

H

Hannah Arendt

1906 – 1975 · statelessness

German-American political theorist and philosopher (1906–1975)

historian philosopher sociologist

H

Hans Jonas

1903 – 1993 · Germany

German philosopher (1903–1993)

historian philosopher

H

Hayden White

1928 – 2018 · United States

American historian (1928–2018)

historian philosopher

H

Henri Troyat

1911 – 2007 · Russian Empire

French Armenian writer

historian

H

Howard Zinn

1922 – 2010 · United States

American historian, playwright, and socialist thinker (1922–2010)

historian

I

Immanuel Wallerstein

1930 – 2019 · United States

American sociologist and economic historian (1930–2019)

economist historian sociologist

I

Isaiah Berlin

1909 – 1997 · Russian Empire

Russo-British-Latvian Jewish social and political theorist, philosopher and historian...

historian philosopher sociologist

I

Ivan Illich

1926 – 2002 · Germany

Austrian philosopher and theologian (1926–2002)

historian philosopher sociologist

J

Jacques Le Goff

1924 – 2014 · France

French historian (1924-2014)

historian

J

Joel Mokyr

1946 · Israel

American-Israeli economic historian

economist historian

J

John Desmond Bernal

1901 – 1971 · United Kingdom

Irish scientist (1901-1971)

historian philosopher physicist

J

Joseph Campbell

1904 – 1987 · United States

American mythologist, writer and lecturer (1904–1987)

historian

J

Joseph Needham

1900 – 1995 · United Kingdom

British biochemist, historian and sinologist (1900–1995)

historian philosopher

K

Khaled Asaad

1932 – 2015 · Syria

Syrian archeologist

historian

L

Laura Mancinelli

1933 – 2016 · Kingdom of Italy

Italian germanist, medievalist, translator and writer (1933-2016)

historian

L

Leszek Kołakowski

1927 – 2009 · Polish People's Republic

Philosopher, historian of ideas (1927–2009)

historian philosopher

L

Lev Gumilev

1912 – 1992 · Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

Soviet academic (1912-1992)

historian philosopher

L

Lyudmila Pavlichenko

1916 – 1974 · Soviet Union

Soviet sniper (1916–1974)

historian

M

Marie Christine, Princess Michael of Kent

1945 · United Kingdom

wife of Prince Michael of Kent

historian

M

Marija Gimbutas

1921 – 1994 · Soviet Union

Lithuanian-American archaeologist

historian

M

Mary Beard

1955 · United Kingdom

English classicist (born 1955)

historian

M

Matilde Camus

1919 – 2012 · Spain

Spanish poet (1919–2012)

historian

M

Menander Protector

· Byzantine Empire

Byzantine historian

historian

M

Milorad Pavić

1929 – 2009 · Serbia

Serbian writer (1929–2009)

historian linguist

M

Mircea Eliade

1907 – 1986 · Socialist Republic of Romania

Romanian-American historian, writer, philosopher and professor at the University of...

historian philosopher

M

Murray Rothbard

1926 – 1995 · United States

American economist (1926–1995)

economist historian philosopher

N

Natalya Estemirova

1958 – 2009 · Soviet Union

Russian human rights activist (1958-2009)

historian

N

Niall Ferguson

1964 · United Kingdom

British historian

economist historian

N

Noam Chomsky

1928 · United States

American linguist and activist (born 1928)

computer scientist historian linguist philosopher psychologist

N

Norman Davies

1939 · United Kingdom

British historian

historian

N

Norman Finkelstein

1953 · United States

American political scientist (born 1953)

historian

N

Norman Mailer

1923 – 2007 · United States

American writer (1923–2007)

historian

P

Pat Barker

1943 · United Kingdom

British writer

historian

P

Peter Ackroyd

1949 · United Kingdom

English author (born 1949)

historian

P

Pierre Nora

1931 – 2025 · France

French historian and publisher (1931–2025)

historian

P

Polina Zherebtsova

1985 · Russia

Russian writer

historian philosopher

R

René Girard

1923 – 2015 · France

French historian, literary critic, and philosopher of social science

historian philosopher

R

Robert Conquest

1917 – 2015 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British historian and poet

historian

R

Robert Fisk

1946 – 2020 · United Kingdom

English writer and journalist (1946–2020)

historian

R

Robert Fogel

1926 – 2013 · United States

American economist and historian (1926–2013)

economist historian

R

Robert Hübner

1948 – 2025 · Germany

German chess player, chess writer, and papyrologist (1948–2025)

historian

R

Ronald Coase

1910 – 2013 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

British economist and Nobel laureate (1910–2013)

economist historian

S

Simon Sebag Montefiore

1965 · United Kingdom

British historian

historian

S

Sirindhorn, Princess Royal

1955 · Thailand

Thai Royal

historian linguist

S

Steven Runciman

1903 – 2000 · United Kingdom

British historian of the Middle Ages (1903–2000)

historian

S

Studs Terkel

1912 – 2008 · United States

American author, historian and broadcaster (1912-2008)

historian

S

Susan Sontag

1933 – 2004 · United States

American writer and filmmaker, professor, and activist (1933–2004)

historian philosopher

S

Svetlana Alexievich

1948 · Soviet Union

Belarusian investigative journalist and non-fiction prose writer (born 1948)

historian

T

Thor Heyerdahl

1914 – 2002 · Norway

Norwegian anthropologist and adventurer (1914-2002)

historian

T

Timothy Snyder

1969 · United States

American historian (born 1969)

historian

T

Tzvetan Todorov

1939 – 2017 · Bulgaria

Bulgarian historian, philosopher, structuralist literary critic, sociologist and...

historian philosopher sociologist

U

Umberto Eco

1932 – 2016 · Kingdom of Italy

Italian semiotician, essayist, philosopher, literary critic, and novelist (1932–2016)

historian philosopher

W

William L. Shirer

1904 – 1993 · United States

American journalist (1904–1993)

historian

Y

Yuri Knorozov

1922 – 1999 · Soviet Union

Soviet and Russian mesoamericanist (1922-1999)

historian linguist

Y

Yuval Noah Harari

1976 · Israel

Israeli historian and author of popular science bestsellers

historian philosopher

Z

Zygmunt Bauman

1925 – 2017 · United Kingdom

Polish philosopher and sociologist (1925-2017)

historian philosopher sociologist